Friday, January 25, 2008

7th Grade Chapter 7 Test Online Review

7th Grade - Chapter 7 Test

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. Light waves are electromagnetic waves. _________________________

____ 2. Transverse waves move particles back and forth along the same direction in which the waves travel. _________________________

____ 3. Mechanical waves can travel either through matter or through empty space. _________________________

____ 4. The frequency of a wave is the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second. _________________________

____ 5. The amount of diffraction depends on the size of the obstacle and the wavelength of the wave. _________________________

____ 6. The energy carried by a sound wave is blocked by collisions between the particles in the material the wave is traveling in. _________________________

____ 7. A vibrating drumhead produces a compression each time it moves upward and a reflection each time it moves downward. _________________________

____ 8. The intensity of a sound wave increases as the wave spreads out from the source of the sound. _________________________

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 9. What are the high and low points of a transverse wave called?
a.
coils and rarefactions
b.
compressions and rarefactions
c.
crests and troughs
d.
crests and waves


____ 10. Ben is writing a paper about amplitude. Which statement about amplitude is true?
a.
Amplitude has nothing to do with vibration.
b.
Tightly compressed waves have low amplitudes.
c.
Waves with larger amplitudes carry more energy.
d.
You cannot demonstrate amplitude by shaking the end of a rope.


____ 11. Mr. Lee’s class is studying waves and particles. How are waves and particles similar?
a.
Both have an electric charge.
b.
Both have mass and volume.
c.
Both have the same properties.
d.
Both transport energy.


____ 12. Jessica made a table of sounds and their corresponding decibels.


Which is the BEST guess for the decibels of an average conversation between two people?
a.
10 dB
b.
45 dB
c.
98 dB
d.
120 dB


____ 13. Cheryl hears the sound of a guitar playing. What kind of waves are reaching her ears?
a.
compressional
b.
electromagnetic
c.
transverse
d.
refraction


____ 14. What is the difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves?
a.
Electromagnetic waves can only travel in matter.
b.
Mechanical waves can only travel in space.
c.
Only electromagnetic waves can travel in matter and space.
d.
Only mechanical waves can travel in matter and space.


____ 15. Anna made a Venn diagram to compare X rays and microwaves.


Which is the correct description of the intersecting area of this diagram?
a.
has color
b.
has no energy
c.
part of the electromagnetic spectrum
d.
visible to humans


____ 16. How can you describe the frequency of a wave?
a.
damage done to the ground after an earthquake
b.
distance between a crest and a trough
c.
distance between two points on a wave
d.
number of wavelengths passing a point each second


____ 17. Duane is writing a report about sound. Why does sound have greater intensity if a person is standing right next to it?
a.
Loudness and intensity are the same thing.
b.
The sound has less of an amplitude.
c.
The sound waves have not yet spread out or lost energy.
d.
They are experiencing a sound’s speed, not its intensity.


____ 18. Which unit is used to measure the intensity of a sound wave?
a.
decibels
b.
hertz
c.
joules
d.
nanometers


____ 19. Which electromagnetic waves have the highest energy, highest frequency, and shortest wavelengths?
a.
infrared waves
b.
radio waves and microwaves
c.
ultraviolet waves
d.
X rays and gamma rays


____ 20. Why are light waves considered transverse waves?
a.
They contain an electric part and move very quickly.
b.
They have a lot of intensity and low frequency.
c.
They vibrate at right angles to the direction they travel.
d.
They have a short wavelength and great amplitude.


____ 21. Which electromagnetic wave has a frequency closest to that of visible light?
a.
gamma
b.
microwave
c.
radio
d.
ultraviolet



____ 22. This figure shows a _____.
a.
compressional wave
c.
electromagnetic spectrum
b.
decibel scale
d.
transverse wave


____ 23. In the figure shown, point A is called a _____.
a.
amplitude
c.
rarefaction
b.
crest
d.
trough


____ 24. In the figure shown, point B is called a _____.
a.
compression
c.
diffraction
b.
crest
d.
trough


____ 25. The amplitude of a compressional wave depends on the _____.
a.
density of material in compressions and rarefactions
b.
distance between crests and troughs
c.
number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second.
d.
vibration of electric and magnetic parts


____ 26. Which of the following correctly states the equation for calculating wave speed?
a.
wave speed = frequency / wave length
b.
wave speed = wave length / frequency
c.
wave speed = wave length + frequency
d.
wave speed = wave length x frequency


____ 27. The SI unit for frequency is the _____.
a.
decibel
c.
hertz
b.
degree
d.
meter



____ 28. In the figure shown, the light waves change direction as a result of _____.
a.
diffraction
c.
refraction
b.
reflection
d.
reverberation


____ 29. In the figure shown, the directional change of the light waves occurs because _____.
a.
light waves travel faster through air than water
b.
light waves travel faster through water than air
c.
the angle of reflection of waves always equals the angle of incidence
d.
waves carrying less energy produce light with lower intensity


____ 30. Sound waves produced by a vibrating object are _____.
a.
compressional waves
c.
seismic waves
b.
electromagnetic waves
d.
transverse waves



____ 31. What conclusion can you draw from the information shown in this figure?
a.
Sound intensity is greater in water than in air.
b.
Sound waves can move more quickly through liquids than through solids.
c.
The frequency of sound increases with wave speed.
d.
The speed of sound varies with the material in which the waves travel.


____ 32. Based on the figure shown, sound waves travel most slowly through which of the following?
a.
air
c.
rubber
b.
glass
d.
water


____ 33. Based on the figure shown, about how far can sound travel in water in 2.5 s if the water temperature is 25°?
a.
375 m
c.
875 m
b.
600 m
d.
3,750 m


____ 34. Loudness is the human perception of sound wave _____.
a.
frequency
c.
pitch
b.
intensity
d.
speed


____ 35. The part of the ear that amplifies sound vibrations is the _____.
a.
cochlea
c.
inner ear
b.
middle ear
d.
outer ear


____ 36. The process of detecting objects by bouncing sounds off them is called _____.
a.
diffraction
c.
reverberation
b.
echolocation
d.
vibration


____ 37. If the distance between the crest and trough of a wave is 1.2 m, the wave’s amplitude is _____.
a.
0.6 m
c.
2.4 m
b.
1.2 m
d.
4.8 m


____ 38. Sound intensity is measured in _____.
a.
decibels
c.
infrared waves
b.
hertz
d.
nanometers


____ 39. The brightness of a light is determined by _____.
a.
air temperature
c.
wavelength
b.
intensity of light waves
d.
wave speed


____ 40. The shortest radio waves are called _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
microwaves
b.
infrared waves
d.
ultraviolet waves


____ 41. The electromagnetic waves with the highest energy are _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
sound waves
b.
infrared waves
d.
ultraviolet waves


____ 42. How much of the energy emitted by the Sun reaches Earth?
a.
all
c.
most
b.
a small fraction
d.
nearly half



____ 43. This figure shows an illustration of a _____.
a.
compressional wave
c.
radio wave
b.
electromagnetic wave
d.
reverberation


____ 44. The wavelength of the wave shown in this figure is the distance from _____.
a.
compression to compression
c.
crest to crest
b.
compression to rarefaction
d.
crest to trough


____ 45. The more energy that the wave shown in this figure carries, the greater is its _____.
a.
amplitude
c.
frequency
b.
density
d.
pitch



____ 46. In the figure shown, if angle i increases slightly, angle r will _____.
a.
decrease
c.
increase
b.
disappear
d.
remain the same


____ 47. The “normal” in the figure shown is a line that makes an angle of _____.
a.
30 degrees
c.
90 degrees
b.
45 degrees
d.
180 degrees



____ 48. Based on the figure shown, which of the following sounds would be most likely to cause people discomfort?
a.
chain saw
c.
rustling leaves
b.
noisy restaurant
d.
vacuum cleaner


____ 49. A 10 decibel increase in intensity is generally perceived as a doubling in loudness. In the figure shown, each of the sounds shown is more than twice as loud as a vacuum cleaner except a _____.
a.
chain saw
c.
noisy restaurant
b.
jet plane taking off
d.
power mower


____ 50. Theaters and concert halls often place curtains on the walls in order to _____.
a.
absorb the energy of sound waves
c.
prevent refraction
b.
increase sound reflection
d.
raise the intensity of sound


____ 51. If the frequency of a sound wave is 7.0 Hz, and the sound wave travels through the air at a speed of 350 m/s, what is the wavelength?
a.
0.02 m
c.
343 m
b.
50 m
d.
2,450 m


____ 52. Light travels fastest in _____.
a.
empty space
c.
solids
b.
fresh water
d.
seawater


____ 53. The intensity of light waves is a measure of the _____.
a.
distance the waves have traveled
c.
motion of air particles
b.
energy carried by the waves
d.
speed of the waves


____ 54. In order for the human body to make vitamin D, some exposure to what kind of light waves is necessary?
a.
infrared waves
c.
ultraviolet waves
b.
microwaves
d.
X rays


____ 55. As the frequency of a sound gets higher, so does its _____.
a.
intensity
c.
pitch
b.
loudness
d.
wavelength


____ 56. All of the following are transverse waves except _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
sound waves
b.
radio waves
d.
X rays


____ 57. The electromagnetic waves with the highest frequency are _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
radio waves
b.
microwaves
d.
visible light


____ 58. Waves that can travel only through matter are known as ____ waves.
a.
energy
c.
electromagnetic
b.
mechanical
d.
light


____ 59. ____ is measured in meters.
a.
Frequency
c.
Wavelength
b.
Wave speed
d.
Intensity


____ 60. Frequency is measured in units called ____.
a.
decibels
c.
hertz
b.
lambda
d.
wavelength


____ 61. Night vision goggles use ____ waves to locate people in the dark.
a.
infrared
c.
radio
b.
ultraviolet
d.
gamma


____ 62. The wavelength of a ____ wave is the distance between two adjacent crests or adjacent troughs.
a.
rolling
c.
transverse
b.
compressional
d.
seismic


____ 63. To find the frequency of a compressional wave, you would count the number of ____ that pass by a point each second.
a.
crests
c.
diffractions
b.
refractions
d.
rarefactions


Completion
Complete each statement.

64. ____________________ in the retina of the eye detect light and send signals to the brain.


65. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the transparent layer of the eye through which light first passes.

66. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the flexible part of the eye that changes shape to enable the eye to focus on objects that are near or far.

67. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the part of the eye on which light waves are focused, forming an image.


68. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 2 of the flowchart is ____________________.

69. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 3 is ____________________.

70. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 4 is ____________________.

Write the name of the type of wave described in the space beside each phrase.

transverse wave
compressional wave
electromagnetic wave


71. can travel through matter or empty space ____________________

72. contains high points called crests ____________________

73. contains rarefactions in the wave ____________________

74. contains electric and magnetic parts ____________________

75. detected by the ear ____________________

76. detected by the eye ____________________

Matching

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.
visible light
f.
pitch
b.
reverberation
g.
intensity
c.
diffraction
h.
wavelength
d.
ultraviolet waves
i.
infrared waves
e.
refraction
j.
wave


____ 77. disturbance that moves through matter or space

____ 78. distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point moving with the same speed and direction

____ 79. change in direction of a wave when it changes speed as it travels from one material to another

____ 80. bending of waves around an object

____ 81. human perception of the frequency of sound

____ 82. repeated echoes

____ 83. amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second

____ 84. waves emitted by all warm bodies

____ 85. waves that can cause sunburn

____ 86. electromagnetic waves that people can see

Match the terms with the correct phrase below.
a.
compressional wave
i.
pitch
b.
diffraction
j.
refraction
c.
electromagnetic spectrum
k.
reverberation
d.
electromagnetic wave
l.
transverse wave
e.
frequency
m.
ultraviolet waves
f.
infrared waves
n.
wave
g.
intensity
o.
wavelength
h.
law of reflection



____ 87. the complete range of electromagnetic wave frequencies and wavelengths

____ 88. waves with wavelengths between 0.001 meters and 700 billionths of a meter

____ 89. causes particles in matter to move back and forth along the same direction in which the wave travels

____ 90. the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it

____ 91. the angle that the incoming wave makes with the normal equals the angle that the outgoing wave makes with the normal

____ 92. the amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second

____ 93. the human perception of the frequency of sound

____ 94. repeated echoes

____ 95. waves with wavelengths between about 400 billionths and 10 billionths of a meter

____ 96. a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space

____ 97. causes particles in matter to move at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels

____ 98. waves that can travel through matter or space

____ 99. the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another

____ 100. the bending of a wave around an object

____ 101. the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second

Match the terms with the correct descriptions below.
a.
diffraction
e.
refraction
b.
electromagnetic wave
f.
reverberation
c.
frequency
g.
transverse wave
d.
pitch
h.
wavelength


____ 102. the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it

____ 103. the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second

____ 104. the bending of a wave around an object

____ 105. the human perception of the frequency of sound

____ 106. a wave that can travel through matter or space

____ 107. repeated echoes

____ 108. causes particles in matter to move at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels

____ 109. the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another

Short Answer

110.
How are seismic waves and sound waves alike and different?

111.
Daria’s class is studying transverse waves. They are using rope as a material in their experiments.

Part A How can the class use the rope to demonstrate wavelength?

Part B How can the class use the rope to demonstrate amplitude?

112.
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

113.
What affect does temperature have on the speed of sound through a material?

114.
How is the intensity of sound waves related to amplitude?

115.
What are the three main parts of the human ear, and what are their basic functions?

116.
Why is it unrealistic for an author to write about a spacecraft traveling faster than the speed of light?

117.
What is the relation between the frequency of electromagnetic waves and their wavelength?

118.
How do X rays help doctors see inside the human body?

119.
What is the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness?

120.
How do rod and cone cells differ in function?

121. Explain the relationship between loudness and sound intensity.

122. What are the three parts of the human ear and what is the function of each part?

123. Explain how humans see color.

Use the diagram to answer the following questions.


124. Identify part 1 in the diagram above and describe its function.

125. Identify part 2 in the diagram above and describe its function.

126. Identify part 3. If part 3 failed to function in a person, what would an implant have to do to imitate the function of this part of the ear?

127. Complete the following concept map.


128. A sound wave with a frequency of 15,000 Hz travels through iron with a speed of 5,130 m/s. What is the wavelength of this wave?

129. A radio wave has a wavelength of 0.3 m and travels at a speed of 300,000,000 m/s. What is the frequency of this wave?

130. If a light wave strikes the mirror as shown below, what is the angle of reflection? Explain your answer.


Essay

131. Describe how sound waves travel through matter.

132. Compare and contrast refraction and diffraction.

6th Grade Chapter 19 Test

6th Grade Chapter 19 Test
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 1. The positive electrode in a dry-cell battery is a zinc rod. _________________________
____ 2. In a battery, chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy. _________________________
____ 3. Charging by contact occurs when an electric field rearranges the charges in an object. _________________________
____ 4. Unlike magnetic poles repel each other. _________________________
____ 5. The amount of positive charge on a proton equals the amount of negative charge on a neutron. _________________________
____ 6. As the amount of charge on either of two charged objects increases, the electric force between the objects decreases. _________________________
____ 7. An electromagnet is a current-carrying wire wrapped around a copper core. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 8. Which of these particles can be found in the nucleus of an atom?
a.
electrons
b.
electrons and protons
c.
electrons, protons, and neutrons
d.
neutrons and protons
____ 9. Why do we say that atoms are neutral?
a.
They contain neutrons.
b.
They make up all matter.
c.
They have zero total charge.
d.
They remain motionless.
____ 10. Which of the following does NOT affect the electric force between objects?
a.
the amount of charge on the objects
b.
the distance between the objects
c.
the size of the objects
d.
whether the objects have like or unlike charges
____ 11. Why are electrically charged objects able to exert force on one another without touching?
a.
They are affected by gravity.
b.
They are surrounded by a magnetic field.
c.
They are surrounded by an electric field.
d.
They create a current.
____ 12. What happens to an object when it picks up excess electrons by contact?
a.
It becomes an insulator.
b.
It becomes negatively charged.
c.
It becomes positively charged.
d.
It gives off a bright spark.
____ 13. Which word describes material in which electric charges move easily?
a.
conductor
b.
field
c.
insulator
d.
magnet
____ 14. Why does a wire remain electrically neutral?
a.
because electrons flow in and out at the same rate
b.
because it has more protons than electrons
c.
because it is coated in neutrons
d.
because it stays charged by flowing electrons
____ 15. Cary and Alana are making an electromagnet for a class project. To make the electromagnet, they wrap a current-carrying wire around an iron core. What is the relationship between electricity and magnetism that makes it possible for them to create an electromagnet?
a.
A moving electric charge is surrounded by a magnetic field.
b.
Magnets are electrically charged objects.
c.
The wire conductor is made of magnetic material.
d.
All circuits are temporary magnets.
____ 16. Ricardo is studying different changes in electric circuits. What happens when he increases the voltage in a circuit?
a.
The circuit breaks.
b.
The current increases.
c.
The flow of electrons slows down.
d.
The resistance increases.
____ 17. Which device converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by rotating a wire loop inside a magnetic field?
a.
a battery
b.
a series circuit
c.
an electric generator
d.
an electromagnet
____ 18. Rita is writing a report that compares magnets and electric charges. Which of these is NOT a characteristic shared by magnets and electric charges?
a.
Their forces are stronger as they move closer together.
b.
Their like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
c.
They are surrounded by fields that exert force at a distance.
d.
They have charges arranged in domains.
____ 19. Kendra and Jamal are looking at this diagram in a science book. The diagram shows the magnetic domains of the same object before and after it is acted on by the force of a permanent magnet.

What type of object does this diagram show?
a.
a bar magnet
b.
a compass
c.
an electromagnet
d.
a temporary magnet
____ 20. Which of the following transforms mechanical energy to electric energy?
a.
a lightning rod
b.
an electromagnet
c.
an electric generator
d.
a parallel circuit
____ 21. A material through which electrons can move easily is a _____.
a.
conductor
c.
insulator
b.
electromagnet
d.
nucleus
____ 22. Each of the following is an example of an insulator except _____.
a.
copper
c.
rubber
b.
glass
d.
wood
____ 23. An atom has equal numbers of protons and _____.
a.
electrons
c.
ohms
b.
neutrons
d.
volts
____ 24. The process of providing a path to drain excess charge into Earth is called _____.
a.
electromagnetic induction
c.
lightning
b.
grounding
d.
resistance
____ 25. Which of the following correctly states Ohm's Law?
a.
resistance = voltage + current
c.
voltage = current / resistance
b.
resistance = voltage x current
d.
voltage = current x resistance
____ 26. An object with equal amounts of positive and negative charge is electrically _____.
a.
charged
c.
neutral
b.
negative
d.
positive
____ 27. If the distance between two charged objects increases, the electric force between them _____.
a.
decreases
c.
remains the same
b.
increases
d.
stops
____ 28. Every proton and electron is surrounded by a(n) _____.
a.
electric circuit
c.
insulator
b.
electric field
d.
magnetic pole
____ 29. Which of the following is an example of charging by induction?
a.
clothes sticking together after tumbling in a dryer
b.
making a paper clip into a temporary magnet
c.
rubbing a balloon against a person's hair
d.
sticking a balloon to a wall after rubbing it on a sweater
____ 30. When an object has more negative charge than positive charge, the result is called a _____.
a.
electric discharge
c.
series circuit
b.
magnetic domain
d.
static charge
____ 31. The SI unit for electric current is the _____.
a.
ampere
c.
ohm
b.
electron
d.
volt

____ 32. In the figure shown, the shock that a person gets when touching a metal doorknob after walking across a carpet is caused by _____.
a.
charging by contact
c.
electromagnetic induction
b.
charging by induction
d.
Ohm's Law
____ 33. In the figure shown the spark that jumps between the hand and the doorknob is an example of _____.
a.
a chemical reaction
c.
electromagnetism
b.
an electric discharge
d.
grounding
____ 34. In the figure shown, the spark that occurs results from the movement of _____.
a.
atoms
c.
neutrons
b.
electrons
d.
protons
____ 35. Electrical energy is converted into heat and light in a _____.
a.
battery
c.
magnetic pole
b.
filament
d.
voltmeter
____ 36. Wet-cell batteries are typically used to supply electrical energy to _____.
a.
automobiles
c.
flashlights
b.
calculators
d.
portable CD players
____ 37. One difference between dry-cell batteries and wet-cell batteries is that _____.
a.
Dry-cell batteries are not rechargeable.
b.
No chemical reactions occur in dry-cell batteries.
c.
No chemical reactions occur in wet-cell batteries.
d.
Wet-cell batteries do not have an electrolyte.
____ 38. Which of the following is true about the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet?
a.
They are closest together at the magnet's poles.
b.
They are closest together near the magnet's center.
c.
They are closest together where the magnetic field is weakest.
d.
They extend in a straight line from the magnet's center.
____ 39. Each of the following elements is magnetic except _____.
a.
aluminum
c.
iron
b.
cobalt
d.
nickel
____ 40. The magnetic fields of all the atoms in a magnetic domain _____.
a.
add together
c.
cause a chemical reaction
b.
cancel each other out
d.
produce an electric current

____ 41. In the figure shown, what must happen for current to flow?
a.
A chemical reaction must occur.
c.
The wire loop must be heated.
b.
The magnet's poles must be reversed.
d.
The wire loop must rotate.
____ 42. The generator in the figure shown converts _____.
a.
chemical energy to electrical energy
b.
electrical energy to chemical energy
c.
electrical energy to mechanical energy
d.
mechanical energy to electrical energy
____ 43. Which of the following occurs in a hydroelectric power plant?
a.
Electrical energy is used to move water.
b.
Kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy.
c.
Kinetic energy causes a chemical reaction that produces steam.
d.
Hot water causes a chemical reaction that generates electrical energy.
____ 44. The unit used for measuring electric resistance is the _____.
a.
ampere
c.
ohm
b.
degree
d.
volt
____ 45. A circuit that has more than one closed path for current to follow is referred to as a(n) _____.
a.
electron circuit
c.
parallel circuit
b.
magnetic circuit
d.
series circuit
____ 46. Lightning is an example of _____.
a.
charging by contact
c.
electric discharge
b.
circuit electricity
d.
electromagnetic induction
____ 47. The chemical reactions that occur within a battery cell are caused by chemicals in the _____.
a.
electrolyte
c.
negative electrode
b.
magnetic poles
d.
positive electrode
____ 48. If the current in a portable radio is 0.4 amperes, and the resistance of the circuit is 30.0 ohms, what is the voltage provided by the radio's battery?
a.
0.01 volts
c.
30.4 volts
b.
12 volts
d.
75 volts
____ 49. Which of the following statements about the forces between charged objects is not true?
a.
As the distance between charged objects decreases, the electric force between them decreases.
b.
If one object is positively charged and another is negatively charged, the objects will attract each other.
c.
Two negatively charged objects will repel each other.
d.
Two positively charged objects will repel each other.
____ 50. To make electric charges flow in a circuit, there must be a(n) _____.
a.
electric field
c.
insulator
b.
electrolyte
d.
magnetic domain

____ 51. In the figure shown, how much current flows in circuit 2?
a.
0.15 amperes
c.
40 amperes
b.
6.67 amperes
d.
60 amperes
____ 52. In the figure shown, what is the resistance of circuit 4?
a.
0.025 ohms
c.
12 ohms
b.
6.4 ohms
d.
40 ohms
____ 53. In the figure shown, which circuits have the same resistance?
a.
circuits 1 and 2
c.
circuits 2 and 4
b.
circuits 1 and 3
d.
circuits 3 and 4

____ 54. In the figure shown, diagram B illustrates _____.
a.
a parallel circuit
c.
grounding
b.
a series circuit
d.
resistance
____ 55. In the figure shown, if Lamp 1 burns out, what will happen?
a.
Lamp 2 in both diagrams will go out.
b.
Lamp 2 in diagram A will blink on and off.
c.
Lamp 2 only in diagram A will go out.
d.
Lamp 2 only in diagram B will go out.
____ 56. Homes are wired as shown in which diagram in this figure?
a.
diagram A
c.
either diagram A or B
b.
diagram B
d.
neither diagram A nor B

____ 57. In the figure show, what happens when the amount of current flowing in the wire coil is increased?
a.
The magnetic field becomes stronger.
b.
The magnetic field disappears.
c.
The position of the north and south poles is reversed.
d.
The strength of the magnetic field decreases.
____ 58. In the figure shown, what would happen if the direction of current flow in the wire coil were reversed?
a.
The electromagnet would no longer work.
b.
The north and south poles would switch places.
c.
The strength of the magnetic field would increase.
d.
The strength of the magnetic field would decrease.

____ 59. In the figure shown, how does the bar magnet turn the paper clip into a temporary magnet?
a.
magnetic domains of the paper clip to point in different directions
b.
by causing the magnetic domains of the paper clip to point in one direction
c.
by generating an electric current in the paper clip
d.
by producing a chemical change in the paper clip
____ 60. In the figure shown, what would happen if the bar magnet's south pole were used instead of its north pole?
a.
The magnet would be able to attract the paper clip, but not the screw.
b.
The magnet would be able to attract the screw, but not the paper clip.
c.
The paper clip would no longer be able to attract the screw.
d.
The paper clip would still be able to attract the screw.
____ 61. The energy conversion in an electric generator is
a.
mechanical to electric.
c.
chemical to electric.
b.
electrical to mechanic.
d.
electrical to chemic.
____ 62. A stationary charged particle is surrounded by a(n)
a.
electric field.
c.
electric field and a magnetic field.
b.
magnetic field.
d.
electric current.
____ 63. If the resistance in a circuit is doubled while the voltage remains constant, the current
a.
is doubled.
b.
remains constant.
c.
is halved.
d.
cannot be determined from the information provided.
____ 64. The sparks that occur when you pull a wool sweater over your hair is an example of an electric
a.
field.
c.
current.
b.
discharge.
d.
resistance.
____ 65. Which of the following is an electric conductor?
a.
wood
c.
glass
b.
gold
d.
rubber
____ 66. All of the following apply to an electric current, EXCEPT:
a.
it is surrounded by an magnetic field.
b.
it transfers electric energy.
c.
it is measured in volts.
d.
it is a flow of electrons.
____ 67. An electromagnet is a type of
a.
permanent magnet.
c.
generator.
b.
temporary magnet.
d.
parallel circuit.
____ 68. Ohm's law expresses the relationship of
a.
series and parallel circuits.
b.
voltage, current, and electric discharge.
c.
electric charge and magnetic field.
d.
voltage, current, and resistance.
____ 69. In a parallel circuit, the electrons
a.
all follow the same path.
c.
do not carry an electric current.
b.
can follow more than one path.
d.
have a static charge.
____ 70. A copper wire is an example of a(n)
a.
electric circuit.
c.
insulator.
b.
magnetic material.
d.
conductor.
____ 71. The path in which electrons flow is an electric
a.
current.
c.
insulator.
b.
circuit.
d.
field.
____ 72. A group of iron atoms whose magnetic poles are oriented in the same direction are a(n)
a.
electromagnet.
c.
magnetic domain.
b.
magnetic field.
d.
magnetic pole
Completion
Complete each statement.

73. In the figure shown, air currents have caused the bottom of the storm cloud to become ____________________ charged.
74. In the figure shown, charging by ____________________ has caused the ground to become positively charged.
75. In the figure shown, lightning occurs when the ____________________ between the cloud and the ground causes charges to move.

76. In the figure shown, electric current will flow only if the switch is ____________________.
77. In the figure shown, if the switch is closed and one wire is disconnected, the lightbulb will ____________________.
78. In the figure shown, closing the switch in this circuit causes an ____________________ to travel through the circuit, which makes electrons in the bulb start to flow and the bulb to light.
Unscramble the word in italics to complete these sentences.
79. A material in which electrons do not flow easily is a(n) luntsiora. ____________________
80. A lllepaar circuit is one that provides more than one path for electrons. ____________________
81. A wire in which a current flows wrapped around an iron core produces a(n) cogenateeltrm. ____________________
82. gelotva is a measure of how much electrical energy an electron carries. ____________________
83. A circuit that provides only one path for electrons is a eeriss circuit. ____________________
84. A nuccdotro is a material in which electrons flow easily. ____________________
Choose the italicized word that correctly completes the sentence.
85. The closed path in which electric charges can flow is an electric ____________________ circuit / current.
86. Electrons flow from the ____________________ positive / negative terminal of a battery.
87. Collisions of electrons with other particles in a circuit convert electrical ____________________ energy / charge into heat or light.
88. V = IR is the equation that expresses the relationship known as ____________________ Ohm's / Ampere's law.
89. In the formula V = IR, current is represented by the letter ____________________ I / R.
90. A light switch is part of a ____________________ series / parallel circuit if it controls all of the lights at once.
91. As the distance between two electric charges decreases, the electric force between them ____________________ increases / decreases.
92. The electric force that one electron exerts on another electron is always ____________________ attractive / repulsive.
93. The electric field around an electron points ____________________ toward / away from the electron.
94. The magnetic field around a bar magnetic is ____________________ strongest / weakest at the magnetic poles.
95. Materials such as iron are magnetic materials because they contain magnetic ____________________ currents / domains.
96. The voltage between two points in a circuit ____________________ increases / decreases when the electric field in the circuit increases.
97. In the equation V = IR, the letter “I” represents ____________________, which is measured in units of ____________________.
98. Collisions between moving electrons in a circuit and other particles, such as atoms, result in ____________________.
99. A permanent magnet is formed when all of the ____________________ of a magnetic material line up.
100. A(n) ____________________ converts mechanical energy into electric energy using the relative motion of a magnet and a wire loop.
101. A compass needle points north because the Earth is surrounded by a(n) ____________________.
Matching
Match each term with the correct definition.
a.
insulator
f.
voltage
b.
conductor
g.
magnetic domain
c.
static charge
h.
electromagnetic induction
d.
electric discharge
i.
electric circuit
e.
electric resistance
j.
electric current
____ 102. flow of electric charges
____ 103. imbalance of electric charge on an object
____ 104. group of atoms that have their magnetic poles pointing in the same direction
____ 105. material that allows electric charges to move easily
____ 106. production of electric current through the movement of a magnet and a loop
____ 107. material that does not allow electric charges to move easily
____ 108. measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow
____ 109. measure of the amount of electrical energy transferred by an electric charge
____ 110. closed path in which electric charges flow
____ 111. movement of static charge from one place to another
Match each item with the correct description below.
a.
charging by contact
f.
electric resistance
b.
charging by polarization
g.
electromagnetic induction
c.
electric discharge
h.
static charge
d.
electric current
i.
magnetic domain
e.
electric circuit
____ 112. an imbalance of electric charge on an object
____ 113. transfer of electric charge between two objects that are touching one another
____ 114. production of an electric current by moving a wire loop and a magnet relative to each other
____ 115. the flow of electrons in a circuit
____ 116. transfer of electric charge between two objects that are not touching one another
____ 117. a group of atoms that have their magnetic poles pointing in one direction
____ 118. a closed path in which electric charges can flow
____ 119. rearrangement of electric charges in an object in an electric field
____ 120. a measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow in an object
Short Answer
121.
Susan drew this diagram on the chalkboard in class.

What do the arrows in this simple electric circuit represent?
122.
How does the balance of protons and electrons determine whether an atom is electrically charged?
123.
Why is copper commonly used to make electric wires?
124.
How can you use the “30-30 rule” to protect yourself during a thunderstorm?
125.
How does connecting a battery to a circuit make charges flow?
126.
What is the function of a voltmeter?
127.
How does the electrolyte determine whether a battery is a wet-cell or a dry-cell?
128.
In what way are electric fields and magnetic fields similar?
129. What happens to the total charge on a wire when a current flows through the wire?
130. In a series circuit with a constant voltage, what is the effect on current if the number of lightbulbs in the circuit is doubled?
131. How can a broken wire affect a series circuit differently than a parallel circuit?
132. Make a general statement about the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Then, identify two facts that support your statement.
133. How are a battery and an electric generator similar and how are they different?
134. How can you determine whether the bulbs in a string of holiday lights are part of a series circuit or part of a parallel circuit?
135. Use the information in the table to match the descriptions to the materials.

Electrical Conductor
Attracted to a Magnet
Material A
yes
yes
Material B
yes
no
Material C
no
no
a. iron nail
b. copper wire
c. glass rod
Study the diagram and use it to answer the questions.

136. What is this a diagram of?
137. What is the source of energy in the diagram?
138. What would be the effect on lightbulb A if the switch were closed?
139. What would be the effect on lightbulb B if the switch were opened?
Essay
140.
What is electric resistance? How is it responsible for creating the light in a lightbulb? Be sure to explain what transformations of energy take place as electrons move through a circuit.
141. Describe how your day at school would be different if there were no electric power.

Wednesday, January 9, 2008

6th Grade TEST - Chapter20 ONLINE REVIEW

6th Grade TEST - Chapter20 ONLINE REVIEW

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. Water waves can move a piece of cork floating on top of the water only in an up and down motion.

____ 2. Mechanical waves can travel in any type of medium.

____ 3. Radio waves are the only type of electromagnetic wave that is a transverse wave.

____ 4. Sound waves are compressional waves.

____ 5. The amplitude of a wave is the distance between a point on one wave and the identical point on the next wave.

____ 6. In general, the more energy a wave has the greater its amplitude.

____ 7. The speed of light depends on the medium it travels through.

____ 8. You can see yourself in a mirror because of the wave property called interference.

____ 9. Refraction occurs when the amplitude of a wave changes as it goes from one medium to another.

____ 10. You can hear sounds around the corner of a door due to the wave property called diffraction.

____ 11. High-pitched sounds have high frequencies, and low-pitched sounds wave low frequencies.

____ 12. Amplitude and frequency may vary in waves, but all waves travel at the same speed.

____ 13. Waves travel in straight lines and therefore cannot bend as they pass through a narrow opening.

____ 14. Mechanical waves transmit matter, while electromagnetic waves transmit energy.

____ 15. When you watch lightning, the light reaches you before the sound of the accompanying thunder because light travels faster than sound.

____ 16. Diffraction causes diamonds and other gems to sparkle.

____ 17. In a mechanical compressional wave, the wave energy causes the matter in the medium to move up and down or back and forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels.

____ 18. A group of molecules that are squeezed together is called a compression.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 19. What is the best description of a wave?
a.
A wave transfers matter from one place to another.
b.
A wave transfers energy from one place to another.
c.
A wave transfers both energy and matter.
d.
A wave moves matter from one place to another.


____ 20. What kind of wave is created when an up and down motion of a rope produces right angles?
a.
compressional wave
b.
sound wave
c.
tranverse wave
d.
electromagnetic wave


____ 21. What kinds of waves do satellites use to transmit their locations to global positioning systems?
a.
electromagnetic radio waves
b.
infrared waves
c.
ultraviolet waves
d.
visible light waves


____ 22. What is the scientific term used to describe the amount of energy transferred by a wave?
a.
amplitude
b.
compression
c.
frequency
d.
vibration


____ 23. The school band is practicing their scales. As the pitch and frequency of the notes increases, what happens to the wavelength of the notes?
a.
The wavelength increases.
b.
The wavelength decreases then increases.
c.
The wavelength stays the same.
d.
The wavelength decreases.


____ 24. From the information on the chart, what can you conclude about the way sound travels?
a.
Sound waves travel faster as the temperature decreases.
b.
Sound waves travel more slowly through air.
c.
Sound waves travel faster as the temperature increases.
d.
Sound waves travel at a constant speed in all temperatures.


____ 25.
What kind of sound is an echo?
a.
diffraction
b.
reflection
c.
refraction
d.
vibration


____ 26. When the band is practicing in the music room, you can hear the music as it passes through the hallway. What property of sound does this example describe?
a.
amplification
b.
diffraction
c.
refraction
d.
vibration


____ 27. What happens when two waves meet?
a.
They collide and change direction.
b.
They collide and continue moving.
c.
They pass through each other and continue moving.
d.
They crash together and form a tsunami.


____ 28. When two waves overlap, they combine to form a new wave. What is this characteristic called?
a.
crest
b.
diffraction
c.
interference
d.
trough


____ 29. You are giving a presentation in science class about sound. You describe how the noise produced by the motor of a lawn mower hurts your ears.What term would you use to explain the way that you would reduce the noise of the mower?
a.
constructive interference
b.
destructive interference
c.
reflected sound
d.
refracted sound


____ 30. What kind of a wave travels along the coils of a spring?
a.
amplitude
b.
compressional
c.
frequency
d.
transverse


____ 31. The electromagnetic spectrum shows the range of electromagnetic waves. The wavelengths decrease at the bottom of the spectrum and increase at the top. What is the explanation for the range of wavelengths?
a.
Each wavelength is a different distance from the sun.
b.
Each wavelength has a different amplitude of vibration.
c.
Each wavelength has a different level of refraction.
d.
Each wavelength has a different frequency.


____ 32. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a mechanical wave?
a.
sound wave
c.
earthquake wave
b.
water wave
d.
radio wave


____ 33. Which one of the following is NOT an example of an electromagnetic wave?
a.
sound wave
c.
red light
b.
x-rays
d.
gamma rays


____ 34. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a compressional wave?
a.
wave moving through a coiled spring
b.
sound traveling through the air
c.
sound traveling through water
d.
green light traveling through the air


____ 35. Tsunamis have a large amount of energy because of their large ____.
a.
wavelength
c.
frequency
b.
amplitude
d.
diffraction


____ 36. Which one of the following determines the color of a light wave?
a.
amplitude only
c.
wavelength and frequency
b.
wavelength and amplitude
d.
interference patterns


____ 37. A place where molecules are far apart is a ____.
a.
refraction
c.
rarefaction
b.
reflection
d.
compression


____ 38. The speed of sound through air is about ____.
a.
340 m/s
c.
3,000,000 m/s
b.
2,000,000 m/s
d.
3,000,000 m/hour


____ 39. When light bounces off a surface it is called ____.
a.
reflection
c.
diffraction
b.
refraction
d.
interference


____ 40. In which one of the following cases will refraction occur?
a.
light traveling from air to glass
b.
light reflecting off of a mirror
c.
light bending around the corner of a door
d.
green light interfering with blue light


____ 41. Constructive interference occurs when waves meet ____.
a.
crest-to-crest and trough-to-trough
b.
crest-to-trough and crest-to-trough
c.
trough-to-crest and trough-to-crest
d.
crest-to-crest


____ 42. Waves can ____ when they move from one medium to another.
a.
disappear
c.
bend
b.
interfere
d.
split


____ 43. A(n) ____ wave DOES NOT need matter for energy transfer.
a.
electromagnetic
c.
compressional
b.
mechanical
d.
sound


____ 44. In a mechanical ____ wave, matter moves at a right angle to the wave direction.
a.
compressional
c.
light
b.
transverse
d.
electromagnetic


____ 45. The speed of sound in water is ____ the speed of sound in air.
a.
greater than
c.
equal to
b.
less than
d.
not greater than


____ 46. A region of spread-out particles in a compressional wave is called a(n) ____.
a.
compression
c.
interference
b.
rarefaction
d.
medium


____ 47. Waves can combine with each other; this is called ____.
a.
interference
c.
compression
b.
wave addition
d.
rarefaction


____ 48. Wave frequency is the ____ of waves passing a given point per second.
a.
amplitude
c.
speed
b.
wavelength
d.
number


____ 49. In a(n) ____ wave, matter moves back and forth in the same direction as the wave.
a.
compressional
c.
light
b.
transverse
d.
electromagnetic


____ 50. The action of a wave bouncing off a surface is called ____.
a.
rarefaction
c.
reflection
b.
refraction
d.
diffraction


____ 51. Amplitude reflects the amount of ____ in a wave.
a.
energy
c.
rarefaction
b.
compression
d.
speed


____ 52. A(n) ____ is the distance between a point on one wave and the identical point on the next wave.
a.
amplitude
c.
frequency
b.
wavelength
d.
compression


____ 53. The ____ of waves can change when the waves move from one medium to another.
a.
altitude
c.
speed
b.
amplitude
d.
compression


____ 54. A mechanical wave can travel only through ____.
a.
air
c.
matter
b.
water
d.
a vacuum


____ 55. The action of a wave bending around a barrier is called ____.
a.
reflection
c.
refraction
b.
diffraction
d.
rarefaction


____ 56. For significant ____ to occur, the wavelengths should match the size of the opening they are passing through.
a.
reflection
c.
refraction
b.
diffraction
d.
rarefaction


Completion
Complete each statement.

57. Waves are rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space without transferring ____________________.

58. Since sound is a mechanical wave it needs a ____________________ to travel through.

59. Waves that do not require matter to transfer energy are ____________________ waves.

60. ____________________ waves can be either transverse or compressional.

61. The less dense area of a compressional wave is called a(n) ____________________.

62. In a compressional wave, the amount of compression is like the ____________________ of a transverse wave.

63. The ____________________ is the unit of measure for the frequency of wavelengths per second.

64. Sound travels faster in ____________________ than in liquids.

65. An electromagnetic wave is slowed down if many ____________________ are in the medium.

66. Hertz can be described as ____________________.

67. The echo of a sound wave is due to ____________________ of the sound wave.

68. When light slows down as it passes from air to water it bends toward the ____________________.

69. The change in direction of waves when the wave travels from air to glass is ____________________.

70. Diffraction occurs when waves ____________________ around the edge of a barrier.

71. When two waves interact and their amplitudes cancel out, ____________________ interference has occurred.

72. Waves are ____________________ if they bounce off a surface.

73. Mechanical waves can be transverse or ____________________ waves.

74. The property of waves that allows them to bend around a barrier is ____________________.

75. Waves may bend if they move from one ____________________ to another.

76. Waves do not carry matter, but they do carry ____________________.

77. Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and ____________________ are four characteristics of waves that can change.

78. In visible light, color is an indication of ____________________.

79. The common name for the reflection of sound waves is an ____________________.

80. In a compressional wave, one wavelength is the distance between adjacent compressions or adjacent ____________________.

81. Light waves travel more ____________________ as they enter water.

82. When light is reflected from a rough surface, the reflected light ____________________, producing no image.

83. Waves ____________________ best when their wavelength is similar in size to the opening they are moving through.

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
compressional wave
d.
mechanical wave
b.
electromagnetic wave
e.
transverse wave
c.
interference



____ 84. does not require a medium to travel through

____ 85. light waves and water waves are examples of this

____ 86. interaction of various different waves

____ 87. can be either transverse or compressional

____ 88. sound waves are an example of this

Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
amplitude
d.
reflection
b.
diffraction
e.
refraction
c.
frequency



____ 89. the pitch of a sound wave

____ 90. why light shines off of a mirror

____ 91. related to the energy of a wave

____ 92. the changing of the speed of a wave

____ 93. the spreading out of waves around a barrier

Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
amplitude
j.
medium
b.
compression
k.
wave speed
c.
compressional wave
l.
rarefaction
d.
diffraction
m.
reflection
e.
electromagnetic wave
n.
refraction
f.
frequency
o.
transverse wave
g.
constructive interference
p.
wave
h.
destructive interference
q.
wavelength
i.
mechanical wave



____ 94. Squeezing a group of particles in a wave

____ 95. A transverse or compressional wave that can travel only through matter

____ 96. The matter through which a wave transfers energy

____ 97. A wave bends around a barrier

____ 98. A mechanical wave in which matter moves at right angles to the wave direction

____ 99. A wave in which matter moves back and forth in the direction the wave is moving

____ 100. A wave that doesn’t require matter to transfer energy

____ 101. A region of spread-out particles in a wave

____ 102. The distance from the crest or trough of a wave to the rest position

____ 103. The action of a wave bouncing off an object

____ 104. The number of waves passing a given point per second

____ 105. The product of wavelength and frequency

____ 106. A combination of waves form a smaller wave

____ 107. A combination of waves form a larger wave

____ 108. A rhythmic disturbance that carries energy

____ 109. A wave bends as it moves from one medium to another

____ 110. The distance between a point on a wave and the identical point on the next wave

Short Answer

111.
Explain how electromagnetic waves emitted by the sun affect you everyday.

112.
A boat in a lake is subjected to passing water waves. Describe the motion of the boat.

113.
Describe why you could not hear someone talk if you were both on the surface of the Moon.

114.
How can light travel from the Sun to Earth through the vacuum of space?

115.
How do your vocal cords produce sounds?

116.
Explain why a bright light differs from a dim light in terms of the amplitudes of each light wave.

117.
An instrument plays a pitch of 266 Hz. Another identical instrument plays a pitch of 400 Hz. How do the wavelength of each of these sound waves compare?

118.
Light that reflects off some surfaces can cause glare. Why don't all surfaces cause glare?

119.
A pencil is placed in a bucket of water. In some views, the pencil in the water will look bent when compared to the pencil above the water. Why is this so?

120.
Why is diffraction of light hard to detect?

121.
Describe how ear protectors help protect against hearing damage.

122. Study the following diagram. Then label the wave using the terms from the list.

amplitude
crest
trough
wavelength


123. Explain how the destructive interference of sound waves can help preserve hearing.

124. If the statement or term identifies a mechanical wave, list its letter under Mechanical Wave. If it identifies an electromagnetic wave, list its letter under Electromagnetic Wave. One or more terms might belong in both categories.

a. radio wave
d. visible light
g. transverse wave
b. sound wave
e. ocean wave
h. tidal wave
c. x rays
f. compressional wave
i. microwave

Mechanical Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____


125. Compare and contrast transverse waves and compressional waves, and give an example of each type.

126. Calculate the wave speed of a 500-Hz wave with a wavelength of 0.5 m. First write the equation, then solve the problem, showing your work.

127. Assume that you hear a very low but very loud sound. What can you infer about the frequency and the amplitude of the sound waves you hear?

Problem

Figure 16-1

128. In Figure 16-1, what is the wavelength of Wave A?

129. In Figure 16-1, what is the wavelength of Wave B?

130. In Figure 16-1, what is the amplitude of Wave A.

131. In Figure 16-1, what is the amplitude of Wave B?

132. In Figure 16-1, which wave has the greater frequency?

133. In Figure 16-1, which wave has the least amount of energy?

134. When sunlight passes through a piece of glass known as a prism, the sunlight gets separated into the colors of the rainbow. Use the concept of refraction to explain how this occurs.

Essay

135.
Explain the differences and similarities between waves and particles.

Identify and explain what is responsible for each of the following effects.

136. You see a car behind you in the rearview mirror of your car.

137. You see a coin at the bottom of a fountain of water, but when you reach for it, it is in a different place than it appears to be.

138. You are in a cave with light coming in through a narrow crack in the ceiling. You can see a distinct beam of light on the floor, and you can see features of the cave illuminated by dim light.

139. Members of an orchestra tune their instruments before they begin to play. This produces a blast of confusing, disharmonious noise. When they begin to play in unison, the music from each instrument group is clear and loud. Explain these effects in terms of two types of interference.
6th Grade TEST - Chapter20 ONLINE REVIEW
Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

2. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

5. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

6. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

7. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

8. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3

9. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3

10. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

11. ANS: T PTS: 1

12. ANS: F PTS: 1

13. ANS: F PTS: 1

14. ANS: F PTS: 1

15. ANS: T PTS: 1

16. ANS: F PTS: 1

17. ANS: F PTS: 1

18. ANS: T PTS: 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

19. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I

20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I

21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I

22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I

23. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II

24. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II

25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I

26. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II

27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I

28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I

29. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II

30. ANS: B PTS: 1

31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II

32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

33. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

34. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

35. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

36. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

37. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

38. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

39. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3

40. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3

41. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

42. ANS: C PTS: 1

43. ANS: A PTS: 1

44. ANS: B PTS: 1

45. ANS: A PTS: 1

46. ANS: B PTS: 1

47. ANS: A PTS: 1

48. ANS: D PTS: 1

49. ANS: A PTS: 1

50. ANS: C PTS: 1

51. ANS: A PTS: 1

52. ANS: B PTS: 1

53. ANS: C PTS: 1

54. ANS: C PTS: 1

55. ANS: B PTS: 1

56. ANS: B PTS: 1

COMPLETION

57. ANS: matter

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

58. ANS: medium

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

59. ANS: electromagnetic

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

60. ANS: Mechanical

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

61. ANS: rarefaction

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

62. ANS: amplitude

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

63. ANS: hertz

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

64. ANS: solids

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2

65. ANS: atoms

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

66. ANS: waves per second

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

67. ANS: reflection

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3

68. ANS: normal

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

69. ANS: refraction

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

70. ANS: bend

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

71. ANS: destructive

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

72. ANS: reflected

PTS: 1

73. ANS: compressional

PTS: 1

74. ANS: diffraction

PTS: 1

75. ANS: medium

PTS: 1

76. ANS: energy

PTS: 1

77. ANS: wave speed

PTS: 1

78. ANS: wavelength

PTS: 1

79. ANS: echo

PTS: 1

80. ANS: rarefactions

PTS: 1

81. ANS: slowly

PTS: 1

82. ANS: scatters

PTS: 1

83. ANS: diffract

PTS: 1

MATCHING

84. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

85. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

86. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

87. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

88. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

89. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

90. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

91. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

92. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

93. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6

94. ANS: B PTS: 1

95. ANS: I PTS: 1

96. ANS: J PTS: 1

97. ANS: D PTS: 1

98. ANS: O PTS: 1

99. ANS: C PTS: 1

100. ANS: E PTS: 1

101. ANS: L PTS: 1

102. ANS: A PTS: 1

103. ANS: M PTS: 1

104. ANS: F PTS: 1

105. ANS: K PTS: 1

106. ANS: H PTS: 1

107. ANS: G PTS: 1

108. ANS: P PTS: 1

109. ANS: N PTS: 1

110. ANS: Q PTS: 1

SHORT ANSWER

111. ANS:
Electromagnetic waves carry radiant energy from the sun. Ninety two percent of the radiant energy from the sun is carried by infrared and invisible light waves. Infrared waves make you feel warm when you sit in the sun. Visible light rays let you see. Ultraviolet waves cause sunburn.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II

112. ANS:
The boat will bob up and down due to the crests and troughs of the water waves. The waves will not move the boat horizontally because waves do not move matter.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

113. ANS:
Since the moon has no air, sound cannot move from the person to you.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

114. ANS:
Since light is a type of electromagnetic wave, it does not require a medium through which to travel.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

115. ANS:
The vocal cords vibrate, causing air in your throat to vibrate.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

116. ANS:
The bright light has more energy (higher amplitude) than a dim light (lower amplitude).

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

117. ANS:
The wave with the lower pitch (266 Hz) will have the longer wavelength.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

118. ANS:
Some surfaces are rough. Light will reflect in many directions, not just in one main direction like off a smooth surface.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/3

119. ANS:
Light waves are refracted as the light travels from air to water. This causes a bending of light and therefore the apparent bending of the pencil.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's III OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

120. ANS:
The wavelength of light is so much smaller than the lengths of objects in our everyday life.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

121. ANS:
Ear protectors help absorb some of the energy of the sound wave, so that the amplitude of the sound waves reaching the ear is less.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

122. ANS:
1. trough
2. crest
3. wavelength
4. amplitude

PTS: 1

123. ANS:
Destructive interference of loud sound waves may reduce or even eliminate them. Loud sounds in the environment contribute to hearing loss.

PTS: 1

124. ANS:

Mechanical Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
__b__
__a__
__e__
__c__
__f__
__d__
__g__
__g__
__h__
__i__


PTS: 1

125. ANS:
In a transverse wave, matter in the medium moves back and forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels. Examples may include waves in a tethered rope, in water, or any electromagnetic wave. Accept any appropriate answer. In a compressional wave, matter in the medium moves back and forth in the direction the wave travels. Examples may include sound waves or waves along a coiled spring. Accept any appropriate answer.

PTS: 1

126. ANS:
Wave speed = wave frequency ´ wavelength

= 500 Hz · 0.5 m (or 500 waves/sec · 0.5 m/wave)
= 250 m/s


PTS: 1

127. ANS:
They are low frequency and large amplitude.

PTS: 1

PROBLEM

128. ANS:
8 m

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

129. ANS:
4 m

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

130. ANS:
5 m

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

131. ANS:
20 m

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

132. ANS:
Wave B

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

133. ANS:
Wave A, because it has the lowest amplitude.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

134. ANS:
As the sunlight goes from air to glass, the various colors change speed. The colors separate because each light color will have a different change of speed.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6

ESSAY

135. ANS:
A wave is a disturbance. A particle is matter. Particles take up space and volume and they have an electrical charge. Waves have amplitude, wavelengths, and frequency. Waves move with a certain speed in a given material. The motion of both can be described by direction and speed. Both waves and particles can transfer energy from place to place.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II

136. ANS:
Light is reflected off the car behind you. The reflected light is then again reflected off the rearview mirror, producing the image of the car.

PTS: 1

137. ANS:
Refraction produces the optical illusion. Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another, in this case, from air to water

PTS: 1

138. ANS:
Diffraction allows you to see objects outside the shaft of light. Diffraction is the bending of a wave around a barrier, in this case, the edges of the crack in the rock.

PTS: 1

139. ANS:
The simultaneous tuning of all of the instruments produces a great deal of destructive interference. Playing in unison produces largely constructive interference.

PTS: 1

6th Grade - Chapter 18 TEST

6th Grade - Chapter 18 TEST

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. During energy transformations, sometimes energy is destroyed.

____ 2. The greater the average kinetic energy of an object, the lower the temperature of that object.

____ 3. When you pick up an ice cube, the heat from your hand transfers to the ice.

____ 4. When you are swinging on a playground swing, your potential energy is greatest at the highest point.

____ 5. A vinyl-covered seat conducts heat slower than a fabric-covered seat.

____ 6. The stored potential energy within chemical bonds is called chemical energy.

____ 7. Photosynthesis is primarily an exothermic reaction.

____ 8. Catalysts are used in the production of many consumer goods such as vegetable shortening and synthetic rubber.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 9. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form to another. What is this statement known as?
a.
the law of conservation of energy
b.
the law of thermal energy
c.
the rule of energy
d.
the rule of nuclear energy


____ 10. A microwave oven and an X-ray machine use what kind of energy?
a.
kinetic
b.
nuclear
c.
potential
d.
radiant


____ 11. Mary places a ball at the top of an inclined plane.
What type of energy does the ball have?
a.
chemical energy
b.
kinetic energy
c.
potential energy
d.
thermal energy


____ 12. Joe is boiling a pot of water.
What process forces the warmer water to the top?
a.
convection
b.
kinetic energy
c.
law of conservation of energy
d.
potential energy


____ 13. Erica is tossing a ball up and down in her hand. The mechanical energy of the ball is slightly less when she catches it than when she tossed it upward. What does this demonstrate?
a.
some chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy
b.
some mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy
c.
some thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy
d.
some mechanical energy is converted into radiant energy


____ 14. Manuel’s father makes a snack in a microwave oven and dinner on the stove. Which kinds of energy transfers does he use to cook the food?
a.
conduction and thermal
b.
convection and conduction
c.
radiation and conduction
d.
radiation and convection


____ 15. Which is the name for the energy of the particles of an object due to their random motion?
a.
conduction
b.
convection
c.
radiation
d.
thermal


____ 16. Why is copper sometimes used on the bottom of cooking pans?
a.
Copper is easy to attach to the bottom of cooking pans.
b.
Copper conducts heat more evenly than many other metals.
c.
Copper conducts radiation evenly across the pan bottom.
d.
Copper is less expensive and more attractive than plastic.


____ 17. The amount of useful energy decreases as energy changes forms. Why is this so?
a.
Thermal energy is changed to kinetic energy, which leaves less useful energy.
b.
Kinetic energy is changed to potential energy, which leaves less useful energy.
c.
Thermal energy is produced, only some of which is useful.
d.
Radiant energy is produced, which becomes less concentrated.


____ 18. Energy occurs in ____.
a.
only one form
c.
only three forms
b.
only two forms
d.
many forms


____ 19. What are the two main types of energy that relate to motion?
a.
conduction and convection
c.
potential and kinetic
b.
solar and thermal
d.
radiation and heat


____ 20. A rock sitting on top of a cliff has ____.
a.
kinetic energy
c.
potential energy
b.
no energy
d.
radiation energy


____ 21. As the temperature of a material increases, the average ____ of its particles also increases.
a.
specific heat
c.
mass
b.
kinetic energy
d.
potential energy


____ 22. What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius temperature scale?
a.
0°C
c.
100°C
b.
–100°C
d.
273°C


____ 23. Which one of the following statements describes the flow of heat?
a.
Energy moves from a warmer object to a cooler object.
b.
Energy moves from a cooler object to a warmer object.
c.
Energy moves only between two warm objects.
d.
Energy moves only between two cold objects.


____ 24. A material that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and radiation is called a(n) ____.
a.
conductor
c.
insulator
b.
condenser
d.
radiator


____ 25. Which type of energy transfer occurs even in a vacuum?
a.
combustion
c.
convection
b.
radiation
d.
conduction


____ 26. Which one of the following is NOT a good conductor of heat?
a.
air
c.
copper
b.
aluminum
d.
silver


____ 27. An example of thermal energy transfer by convection is the ____.
a.
melting of ice
c.
heating of the ground by sunlight
b.
formation of air currents
d.
heating of the ocean by sunlight


____ 28. The total amount of energy in the universe ____.
a.
is always increasing
c.
remains the same
b.
varies from moment to moment
d.
is always decreasing


____ 29. The motion of atoms in all directions in solids, liquids, and gases is called ____.
a.
radiation
c.
random motion
b.
convection
d.
magnetism


____ 30. The Sun emits a form of energy called ____ energy.
a.
chemical
c.
radiant
b.
mechanical
d.
orbital


____ 31. Which are forms of energy?
a.
chemical, inertia, and radiant
b.
chemical, radiant, and thermal
c.
electrical, friction, and nuclear
d.
velocity, thermal, and chemical


____ 32. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of which of the following?
a.
the atmosphere
b.
liquid in a container
c.
the particles in an object
d.
the wind chill index


____ 33. Curtis is sipping a glass of juice. The ice in the glass has melted, and to him the juice and his hand seem to be about the same temperature. Why have the temperatures balanced?
a.
because of a transfer of energy caused by convection
b.
because of a transfer of thermal energy known as heat
c.
because of a transfer of kinetic energy known as heat
d.
because of a transfer of radiation caused by energy


____ 34. Where is the chemical energy in a material stored?
a.
the nucleus
c.
the protons
b.
the electrons
d.
the bonds between atoms


____ 35. Which one of the following is correct concerning the breaking of a chemical bond?
a.
Only electricity can break a chemical bond.
b.
Energy is never released from the breaking of a bond.
c.
Only heat can break a chemical bond.
d.
When a bond is broken, energy is added and released.


____ 36. Which type of chemical reaction needs to absorb energy to proceed?
a.
exothermic
c.
explosion
b.
endothermic
d.
radiation


____ 37. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a chemical reaction that is exothermic?
a.
the breakdown of water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas
b.
a chemical hand warmer
c.
the burning of charcoal
d.
the explosion of dynamite


____ 38. Which one of the following statements is true about catalysts?
a.
They are required for a chemical reaction to take place.
b.
They change the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up.
c.
They change the rate of a chemical reaction but are always used up.
d.
They can only slow down the rate of a chemical reaction.


____ 39. The ability to cause change is ____.
a.
heat
c.
energy
b.
transformation
d.
conduction


____ 40. The average kinetic energy of the atoms in an object determines its ____.
a.
speed
c.
mass
b.
temperature
d.
specific heat


____ 41. Materials that do not transfer heat easily are ____.
a.
thermals
c.
insulators
b.
conductors
d.
metals


____ 42. At 0°C on the Celsius temperature scale, ____.
a.
water is room temperature
c.
water boils
b.
water freezes
d.
all particle motion stops


____ 43. Kinetic energy plays a role in each of the following EXCEPT a ____.
a.
moving soccer ball
c.
skier standing at the top of a hill
b.
skydiver falling toward Earth
d.
car traveling at 40 mph


____ 44. The scientist who described the law of conservation of energy is ____.
a.
Celsius
c.
Kelvin
b.
Fahrenheit
d.
Joule


____ 45. The transfer of energy from warmer to cooler objects is known as ____.
a.
heat
c.
temperature
b.
conservation
d.
absolute zero


____ 46. A bouncing rubber ball has each of the following EXCEPT ____.
a.
kinetic energy
c.
heat
b.
potential energy
d.
temperature


____ 47. Radiation involves the transfer of energy by ____.
a.
particle collisions
c.
air flow
b.
waves
d.
temperature differences


____ 48. The spring inside a moving wind-up toy has ____.
a.
potential energy only
b.
kinetic energy only
c.
both potential energy and kinetic energy
d.
neither potential energy nor kinetic energy


____ 49. If the amount of energy required to boil a pot of water were added to a swimming pool, the water in the pool would
a.
boil
c.
warm
b.
change very little
d.
cool


____ 50. As a snowflake falls, it ____.
a.
loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy
b.
loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy
c.
gains both potential and kinetic energy
d.
loses both potential and kinetic energy


____ 51. When you use a flashlight, you produce light and ____ energy.
a.
potential
c.
chemical
b.
nuclear
d.
thermal


____ 52. The transfer of thermal energy through liquids and gases is called ____.
a.
convection
c.
radiation
b.
conduction
d.
osmosis


Completion
Complete each statement.

53. If an object has energy, then that object has the ability to cause ____________________.

54. The higher a hill, the more ____________________ energy a skier has at the top and the more ____________________ energy while skiing down.

55. The statement that the total amount of energy in the universe never changes is called the ____________________.

56. The measure of the average ____________________ of particles in a material is called temperature.

57. Energy moves from the Sun to Earth by ____________________.

58. Cooking pans have handles made of materials that are ____________________ of heat.

59. When we move, our muscles transform chemical energy from our food into ____________________ energy and heat.

60. Heat is ____________________ by food as it cooks.

61. Any change of energy from one form to another is called a(n) ____________________.

62. The Fahrenheit temperature scale is used mainly in ____________________ and ____________________.

63. Energy moves through ocean currents by ____________________.

64. In photosynthesis, the cells in green plants convert energy from sunlight into ____________________energy in a type of sugar.

65. Catalysts in the body are called ____________________.

66. A(n) ____________________ in saliva acts as a catalyst to break down starches.

Unscramble the terms in italics next to their definitions. Write the terms on the lines provided.

67. fntorsaimotnar: change of energy from one form to another ____________________

68. teikinc: energy of objects in motion ____________________

69. slationur: material that doesn’t allow heat to be conducted easily ____________________

70. alw fo sornacetoniv fo gerney: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. ______________________________

71. dinutconoc: transfer of energy from particle to particle when there is a temperature difference ____________________

72. greyen: ability to cause change ____________________

73. athe: thermal energy that moves from a warmer to a cooler object ____________________

74. eptilonta: stored energy ____________________

75. tadaiorin: energy that travels in waves in all directions from its source ____________________

76. urepattmere: measure of the average kinetic energy of particles ____________________

77. ovitocencn: transfer of energy when particles move from place to place where there is a temperature difference ____________________

Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below.

thermals
conductors


78. ____________________ are materials that transfer thermal energy easily.

79. Columns of warm air that are forced up as cold air sinks are ____________________.

Matching

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.
conduction
c.
heat
b.
convection
d.
radiation


____ 80. the movement of thermal energy from warm objects to cool objects

____ 81. Thermals in the air are due to this.

____ 82. type of energy movement used by microwave ovens

____ 83. reason why the handle of a spoon with only its bottom part in a pan of hot water can get hot

Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
endothermic
d.
potential energy
b.
exothermic
e.
temperature
c.
kinetic energy



____ 84. energy of motion

____ 85. celsius scale measures this

____ 86. energy of position

____ 87. a reaction that absorbs energy

____ 88. a reaction that releases energy

Short Answer

89.
An object has 12.57 J of energy. How many degrees Celsius could it warm one gram of water?

90.
Describe the ways that atoms move around in solids, liquids, and gases.

91.
A window is opened in a heated room during the winter. Explain why it feels cold inside the room after a while.

Figure 6-1

92.
In Figure 6-1, which car has the greatest potential energy?

93.
In Figure 6-1, which cars have the least potential energy?

94.
Can you determine which car in Figure 6-1 has the greatest kinetic energy? Explain your answer.

95. For each of the following examples, determine which type of heat transfer is illustrated.

a. Food is cooked in a microwave oven.
b. A breeze blows along the ocean shore on a hot day.
c. Food is cooked on a gas stove.
d. Food is cooked on a barbecue grill.

96. Study the diagram of the thermometer. Then complete the table below.



Boiling point
Freezing point
Current temperature
Fahrenheit
=Celsius
Celsius
100º

10º

Fahrenheit

32º




Consider a picture that shows a marshmallow added to a cup of hot cocoa then answer the following questions.

97. How does the thermal energy of the cocoa change when the marshmallow is added?

98. What happens to the temperature of the marshmallow?

99. What happens to the temperature of the cocoa?

100. By what means does the transfer of thermal energy take place?

101. To change a temperature from the Celsius scale to the Fahrenheit scale, you multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 and add 32 to the product. If the temperature is 30°C, what is the Fahrenheit temperature?

102.
Evan buys a flashlight for a camping trip. When he puts batteries in it, it shines brightly. What are the energy changes that take place to make the light shine?

103.
Name and describe the types of energy conversions that are involved when a person climbs stairs.

104.
What are two ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction?

105.
Contrast the way kinetic energy increases and the way potential energy increases.

106.
What is the difference between heat and temperature?

107.
Why are liquids such as alcohol used in thermometers?

108.
How do many people use radiation to cook food?

109.
Explain the ways energy moves when an ice cube is set on a sidewalk on a sunny day.

110.
How is chemical energy important in lifting a heavy object?

111.
Why do some cooking pans have copper bottoms?

112.
Is combustion an exothermic reaction or an endothermic reaction? Is photosynthesis an exothermic reaction or an endothermic reaction?

113.
How does your body use enzymes?

114. Identify a form of energy that is related to each change.

a. change in speed
b. change in position

115. How does the amount of energy in the batteries in a flashlight compare to the total amount of energy given off by the flashlight as light and heat?

116. To change a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, you multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 and add 32 to the product. If the temperature is 40°C, what is the Fahrenheit temperature?

117. Two identical packages are placed on different shelves in a kitchen cabinet. One of the shelves is a foot higher than the other.

a. Which package has more potential energy? Why?
b. If both packages are pushed off the shelves with identical force, which package will have more kinetic energy?

Essay

118. Explain how temperature is different from heat.

119. Explain the law of conservation of energy.
6th Grade - Chapter 18 TEST
Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.2

2. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.A.1.3.3

3. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.5

4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.C.1.3.1

5. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2
STA: SC.A.1.3.1

6. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

7. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

8. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 8/3
STA: SC.A.1.3.5

MULTIPLE CHOICE

9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.B.1.3.2

10. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.B.1.3.3

11. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.B.1.3.1

12. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.B.1.3.5

13. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.B.1.3.4

14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.A.2.3.3 SC.B.1.3.5

15. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.B.1.3.1

16. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.A.2.3.3 SC.B.1.3.1

17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.B.1.3.2

18. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.A.1.3.1 SC.B.1.3.1

22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.A.1.3.1

23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.5

24. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2
STA: SC.A.1.3.1 SC.B.1.3.5

25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

26. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2
STA: SC.A.1.3.1 SC.B.1.3.5

27. ANS: B PTS: 1

28. ANS: C PTS: 1

29. ANS: B PTS: 1

30. ANS: C PTS: 1

31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.B.1.3.1

32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.A.1.3.3 SC.B.1.3.1

33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.B.1.3.5

34. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

35. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

36. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3

37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3

38. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 8/3

39. ANS: C PTS: 1

40. ANS: B PTS: 1

41. ANS: C PTS: 1

42. ANS: B PTS: 1

43. ANS: C PTS: 1

44. ANS: D PTS: 1

45. ANS: A PTS: 1

46. ANS: C PTS: 1

47. ANS: B PTS: 1

48. ANS: C PTS: 1

49. ANS: B PTS: 1

50. ANS: B PTS: 1

51. ANS: D PTS: 1

52. ANS: A PTS: 1

COMPLETION

53. ANS: change

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

54. ANS: potential, kinetic

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

55. ANS: law of conservation of energy

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.2

56. ANS: kinetic energy

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

57. ANS: radiation

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.1 SC.B.1.3.3

58. ANS: insulators

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.5

59. ANS: kinetic

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.2

60. ANS: absorbed

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.5

61. ANS: energy transformation

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.2

62. ANS: the United States, Canada

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

63. ANS: convection

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.5

64. ANS: chemical

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.2

65. ANS: enzymes

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 8/3

66. ANS: enzyme

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 8/3

67. ANS: transformation

PTS: 1

68. ANS: kinetic

PTS: 1

69. ANS: insulator

PTS: 1

70. ANS: law of conservation of energy

PTS: 1

71. ANS: conduction

PTS: 1

72. ANS: energy

PTS: 1

73. ANS: heat

PTS: 1

74. ANS: potential

PTS: 1

75. ANS: radiation

PTS: 1

76. ANS: temperature

PTS: 1

77. ANS: convection

PTS: 1

78. ANS: conductors

PTS: 1

79. ANS: thermals

PTS: 1

MATCHING

80. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.5

81. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.5

82. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/2
STA: SC.A.2.3.3

83. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.5

84. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

85. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2

86. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

87. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

88. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.1

SHORT ANSWER

89. ANS:
Three. One calorie equals 4.19 J, so 12.57 J equals 3 calories. One calorie can warm one gram of water 1ºC, thus the object could warm the water 3ºC.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's III STA: SC.B.1.3.1

90. ANS:
Atoms in solids are close together and do not move around easily. In liquids, atoms tend to move farther apart. In gases, atoms are quite far apart and move around freely.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.A.1.3.4

91. ANS:
Heat flows from a warm area to a cold area.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.5

92. ANS:
Car A

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

93. ANS:
Cars B and D

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

94. ANS:
No. The speeds of the cars cannot be determined.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's III OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

95. ANS:
a. radiation
b. convection
c. conduction
d. radiation

PTS: 1

96. ANS:


Boiling point
Freezing point
Current temperature
Fahrenheit
=Celsius
Celsius
100º

10º
–40º
Fahrenheit
212º
32º
50º
–40º


PTS: 1

97. ANS:
Thermal energy flows from the cocoa to the marshmallow.

PTS: 1

98. ANS:
It increases.

PTS: 1

99. ANS:
It decreases.

PTS: 1

100. ANS:
conduction

PTS: 1

101. ANS:
(9/5)30 = 54 + 32 = 86°F

PTS: 1

102. ANS:
The chemical energy in the battery changes into electrical energy, which then changes into radiant energy.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.B.1.3.1

103. ANS:
sample answer: conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy in muscles, and conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy of person

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.2

104. ANS:
changing the temperature and adding a catalyst

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 8/3

105. ANS:
The kinetic energy of an object increases if either its speed or its mass increases. The potential energy of an object increases if it is raised above its original position.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

106. ANS:
Heat is the movement of thermal energy from a warmer to a cooler object. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms in an object.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

107. ANS:
The liquids expand as the temperature increases. The expansion can be measured on the thermometer.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.1

108. ANS:
with a microwave oven, which transfers energy to the food

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.5

109. ANS:
Sample answer: The Sun's energy transfers by radiation to the ice cube and the sidewalk. The sidewalk transfers heat to the ice cube by conduction.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.5

110. ANS:
Chemical energy is stored in muscles. When an object is lifted, the stored chemical energy is converted into kinetic energy.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.2

111. ANS:
Copper is a conductor that is widely available and less expensive than other conductors like gold and silver. A copper bottom on a pan conducts heat more evenly, preventing hot spots, and allowing food to cook evenly.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.5

112. ANS:
Combustion is an exothermic reaction. Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3

113. ANS:
Enzymes are catalysts in the body. Many processes in the cells of the human body are controlled by enzymes. They allow chemical reactions to take place that normally could not in the cell environment.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 8/3

114. ANS:
a kinetic energy
b. potential energy

PTS: 1

115. ANS:
It is the same

PTS: 1

116. ANS:
(9/5) 40 = 72 and 72 + 32 = 104°F

PTS: 1

117. ANS:
a The package on the higher shelf has more potential energy. Because the two packages are identical, how high the package is determines its potential energy.
b. The package on the higher shelf will have more kinetic energy as it falls. The greater potential energy it gets from sitting on the higher shelf can be converted into more kinetic energy.

PTS: 1

ESSAY

118. ANS:
Temperature is a way to measure the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material. Heat is a transfer of thermal energy from a substance at a higher temperature to a substance at a lower temperature.

PTS: 1

119. ANS:
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be destroyed or created. Energy can only be transformed from one form to another, so the total amount of energy in the universe never changes. The only thing that can change is the form of the energy.

PTS: 1