Chapter 5 TEST - Online Review
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. The liver is one of major organs of the digestive tract.
____ 2. The large intestine is up to 7 meters long.
____ 3. Some vitamins are made by your body.
____ 4. In order to get the nutrients you need, you should eat a variety of foods.
____ 5. Breathing is the movement of the chest that brings air into the lungs and removes waste gases.
____ 6. When you exhale, oxygen waste is removed.
____ 7. The excretory system functions as a part of the urinary system.
____ 8. After blood has been filtered in the kidneys, the wastewater, or urine, moves through renal arteries to the bladder.
____ 9. The bladder is an elastic, muscular organ that holds urine until it leaves the body.
____ 10. A person cannot live with only one kidney.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 11. In which part of the body does ingestion take place?
| a. | intestines |
| b. | liver |
| c. | mouth |
| d. | stomach |
____ 12. Ari learns that enzymes help break down food in the process of digestion.
From the diagram, what can be inferred about the role of enzymes in digestion?
| a. | Enzymes split up molecules. |
| b. | Enzymes provide energy for cell development |
| c. | Enzymes remain unchanged during digestion. |
| d. | Enzymes push unused substances out of the body. |
____ 13. Which organ is part of the digestive tract?
| a. | esophagus |
| b. | liver |
| c. | pancreas |
| d. | teeth |
____ 14. Which substance is secreted in the mouth to help break down starch into sugar?
| a. | epiglottis |
| b. | fats |
| c. | peristalsis |
| d. | saliva |
____ 15. In which organ does food mix with hydrochloric acid?
| a. | esophagus |
| b. | intestine |
| c. | mouth |
| d. | stomach |
____ 16. In which foods are amino acids found?
| a. | carbohydrates |
| b. | fats |
| c. | proteins |
| d. | sugars |
____ 17. Which is a characteristic of unsaturated fat?
| a. | usually solid at room temperature |
| b. | usually a liquid at room temperature |
| c. | found in meats and animal products |
| d. | sometimes is water soluble |
____ 18. Theresa’s brother is a vegetarian. He eats beans to obtain his protein. What important factor is he missing from his diet?
| a. | essential amino acids |
| b. | incomplete proteins |
| c. | soluble vitamins |
| d. | unsaturated fat |
____ 19. Laura and James are doing research about how food labels provide the consumer with nutritional information about the ingredients. They read this food label.
How many grams of protein are in two servings of this food?
| a. | 1.5 g |
| b. | 8 g |
| c. | 31 g |
| d. | 550 g |
____ 20. In which respiratory organ are the vocal cords located?
| a. | bronchi |
| b. | esophagus |
| c. | larynx |
| d. | trachea |
____ 21. What role does the hypothalamus play in the excretory system?
| a. | It filters blood that contains waste from the cells. |
| b. | It eliminates waste gases through the circulatory system. |
| c. | It regulates salt and calcium levels in the blood. |
| d. | It monitors the amount of water in the blood. |
____ 22. After an afternoon of playing soccer, Mia feels thirsty. She drink some water and feels much better. By drinking water, what is she doing for her body?
| a. | getting rid of carbon dioxide |
| b. | getting rid of extra nutrients |
| c. | restoring calcium levels |
| d. | restoring homeostasis |
____ 23. Nutritionists use a diagram called a food pyramid to explain the types of food people should eat. Why did they choose the shape of a pyramid to show food choices?
| a. | The shape reminds people to eat less food listed on the bottom and more food from the top. |
| b. | The shape reminds people to eat more food listed on the bottom and less food from the top. |
| c. | The shape indicates that certain foods should be eaten only on certain days. |
| d. | The shape indicates that some food groups should be avoided by children. |
____ 24. _____ is the process by which food is broken down so that nutrients can be used by the body.
| a. | Absorption | c. | Elimination |
| b. | Digestion | d. | Ingestion |
____ 25. Chemical digestion would not be possible without _____ that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in your body.
| a. | enzymes | c. | nutrients |
| b. | molecules | d. | vitamins |
____ 26. Chewing is an example of _____.
| a. | absorption | c. | elimination |
| b. | chemical digestion | d. | mechanical digestion |
____ 27. Which of the following is not an accessory organ in the digestive system?
| a. | gallbladder | c. | salivary glands |
| b. | pancreas | d. | rectum |
____ 28. Which accessory organ is important to mechanical digestion?
| a. | liver | c. | gallbladder |
| b. | pancreas | d. | teeth |
____ 29. Which substance in the mouth contains enzymes that help break down food?
| a. | esophagus | c. | teeth |
| b. | saliva | d. | tongue |
____ 30. What type of digestion takes place in the mouth?
| a. | chemical | c. | both |
| b. | mechanical | d. | neither |
____ 31. What type of digestion takes place in the esophagus?
| a. | chemical | c. | both |
| b. | mechanical | d. | neither |
____ 32. The stomach produces _____, a substance that protects the stomach from strong, digestive solutions like acids.
| a. | bile | c. | mucus |
| b. | chyme | d. | saliva |
____ 33. Food is changed into chyme in the _____.
| a. | esophagus | c. | liver |
| b. | large intestine | d. | stomach |
____ 34. Waves of muscle contractions, called _____, move food through the entire digestive tract.
| a. | homeostasis | c. | saliva |
| b. | peristalsis | d. | villi |
____ 35. Most digestion takes place in the _____.
| a. | large intestine | c. | small intestine |
| b. | mouth | d. | stomach |
____ 36. Nutrients are absorbed into blood vessels through _____ in the small intestine.
| a. | bacteria | c. | insulin |
| b. | glands | d. | villi |
____ 37. Bacteria living in the _____ produce vitamins and break down materials.
| a. | large intestine | c. | small intestine |
| b. | liver | d. | stomach |
____ 38. Organic nutrients are nutrients that contain _____.
| a. | amino acids | c. | oxygen |
| b. | carbon | d. | vitamins |
____ 39. Which of the following nutrients needs to be digested?
| a. | minerals | c. | vitamins |
| b. | proteins | d. | water |
____ 40. A molecule of _____ is made of building blocks called amino acids.
| a. | carbohydrate | c. | protein |
| b. | fat | d. | water |
____ 41. _____ are the main sources of energy for your body.
| a. | Carbohydrates | c. | Vitamins |
| b. | Minerals | d. | Water |
____ 42. Which of the following nutrients is used for replacement and repair of body cells and for growth?
| a. | carbohydrates | c. | minerals |
| b. | proteins | d. | vitamins |
____ 43. Which of the minerals in the figure shown is only required in very small amounts?
| a. | calcium | c. | iron |
| b. | iodine | d. | phosphorus |
____ 44. Use the figure shown to determine which of the following foods is high in iron.
| a. | apples | c. | fish |
| b. | milk | d. | steak |
____ 45. Use the figure to determine which of the following foods would not give you strong bones and teeth.
| a. | cheese | c. | spinach |
| b. | eggs | d. | raisins |
____ 46. Besides calcium, which of the following minerals is used in the largest amounts?
| a. | copper | c. | potassium |
| b. | phosphorus | d. | sodium |
____ 47. Which of these nutrients is the most important factor to survival?
| a. | carbohydrates | c. | vitamins |
| b. | proteins | d. | water |
____ 48. According to the figure shown, how do you lose most water throughout the day?
| a. | exhaled air | c. | skin |
| b. | feces | d. | urine |
____ 49. In the figure shown, which method accounts for about 20 percent of all the body’s water loss in a day?
| a. | exhaled air | c. | skin |
| b. | feces | d. | urine |
____ 50. According to the figure shown, you lose about three times as much water through urine than you do you through _____.
| a. | exhaled air | c. | skin |
| b. | feces | d. | urine |
____ 51. According to the figure shown, which food group should make up the largest part of your diet?
| a. | bread, rice, and pasta | c. | meat and fish |
| b. | fruits and vegetables | d. | milk, yogurt, and cheese |
____ 52. Vitamins and minerals are not found in this figure because the are _____.
| a. | all made by your body | c. | found on their own pyramid |
| b. | found in the different food groups | d. | not that important |
____ 53. Which food group in the figure shown provides the least protein?
| a. | bread, rice, and pasta | c. | meat and fish |
| b. | fruits and vegetables | d. | milk, yogurt, and cheese |
____ 54. The main function of the respiratory system is to bring oxygen into the body and remove _____.
| a. | carbon dioxide | c. | glucose |
| b. | dust | d. | oxygen |
____ 55. Vocal cords are found in your _____.
| a. | bronchi | c. | pharynx |
| b. | larynx | d. | trachea |
____ 56. The _____ is a tubelike passageway for food, liquids, and air.
| a. | epiglottis | c. | pharynx |
| b. | nostril | d. | trachea |
____ 57. _____ is the chemical reaction in cells that needs oxygen to release energy and produces carbon dioxide and water as wastes.
| a. | Breathing | c. | Inhaling |
| b. | Exhaling | d. | Respiration |
____ 58. Lungs are masses of _____, grapelike clusters of tiny sacs.
| a. | alveoli | c. | cilia |
| b. | bronchioles | d. | hemoglobin |
____ 59. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the alveoli and capillaries in the _____.
| a. | bronchi | c. | lungs |
| b. | larynx | d. | trachea |
____ 60. When carbon dioxide and other cellular wastes leave the body, they are carried by _____ from the body’s cells and into the lungs.
| a. | blood | c. | capillaries |
| b. | bronchioles | d. | hemoglobin |
____ 61. According to the figure shown, smokers are twice as likely to die of _____ than nonsmokers.
| a. | chronic bronchitis | c. | heart disease |
| b. | emphysema | d. | lung cancer |
____ 62. According to the figure shown, a woman who smokes is _____ times as likely to die of lung cancer than one who doesn’t.
| a. | 2 | c. | 11 |
| b. | 5 | d. | 23 |
____ 63. Which of the diseases listed in the figure shown are caused by swollen alveoli in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing?
| a. | chronic bronchitis | c. | heart disease |
| b. | emphysema | d. | lung cancer |
____ 64. Asthma, emphysema, and lung cancer would be considered _____ diseases.
| a. | digestive | c. | respiratory |
| b. | excretory | d. | skeletal |
____ 65. If this figure showed the major organs for each excretory system, which would not be shown?
| a. | the brain | c. | the large intestine |
| b. | the kidneys | d. | the lungs |
____ 66. In the figure shown, which substance is removed by the digestive, respiratory, and urinary system?
| a. | carbon dioxide | c. | undigested food |
| b. | salt | d. | water |
____ 67. In the figure shown, the _____ removes excess water, metabolic waste, and salt from the body.
| a. | digestive system | c. | skin |
| b. | respiratory system | d. | urinary system |
____ 68. Which of the following functions does the urinary system perform?
| a. | It removes wastes from the blood. |
| b. | It balances the amounts of salts and water in the body. |
| c. | It controls blood volume by removing excess water produced by body cells. |
| d. | All of these. |
____ 69. Two bean-shaped _____ are the major organs of the urinary system.
| a. | aortas | c. | kidneys |
| b. | bladders | d. | nephrons |
____ 70. In approximately _____, all of the blood in your body passes through the kidneys.
| a. | 5 minutes | c. | 1 hour |
| b. | 30 minutes | d. | 12 hours |
____ 71. Kidneys are made of many _____ that filter water, sugar, salt, and wastes from the blood.
| a. | nephrons | c. | ureters |
| b. | neurons | d. | veins |
____ 72. Which of the following correctly describes the movement of wastes through the urinary system?
| a. | Kidneys -> Bladder -> Ureter -> Urethra |
| b. | Kidneys -> Ureter -> Urethra -> Bladder |
| c. | Urethra -> Ureter -> Bladder -> Kidneys |
| d. | Kidneys -> Ureter -> Bladder -> Urethra |
____ 73. When full, the bladder looks like a _____.
| a. | inflated balloon | c. | small bean |
| b. | long, thin tube | d. | teacup |
____ 74. If both kidneys fail, blood can filtered by an artificial kidney machine in a process called _____.
| a. | dialysis | c. | excretion |
| b. | digestion | d. | homeostasis |
____ 75. When you breathe, your lungs take in oxygen and remove ____.
| a. | air | c. | nitrogen |
| b. | carbon dioxide | d. | nitrogen dioxide |
____ 76. Cellular respiration requires supplying your body’s cells with ____.
| a. | oxygen | c. | bone marrow |
| b. | blood | d. | enzymes |
____ 77. The ____ is a tubelike passageway for both food and air.
| a. | epiglottis | c. | pharynx |
| b. | larynx | d. | trachea |
____ 78. Within the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the ____ and the capillaries.
| a. | trachea | c. | alveoli |
| b. | bronchi | d. | diaphragm |
____ 79. The ____ prevents food or liquid from entering your trachea.
| a. | alveoli | c. | epiglottis |
| b. | bronchi | d. | larynx |
____ 80. People whose ____ don’t work may have to undergo dialysis.
| a. | alveoli | c. | kidneys |
| b. | bladders | d. | lungs |
____ 81. When urinary organs don’t work, all of the following occur EXCEPT ____.
| a. | kidney damage | c. | accumulation of wastes |
| b. | homeostasis | d. | salt imbalance |
____ 82. A disorder of the lungs called ____ is often an allergic reaction.
| a. | asthma | c. | emphysema |
| b. | chronic bronchitis | d. | lung cancer |
____ 83. ____ in cigarette smoke is the greatest contributor to lung cancer.
| a. | Hydrogen | c. | Oxygen |
| b. | Nicotine | d. | Tar |
____ 84. The main excretory organs of your body are the large intestine, kidney, lungs, and ____.
| a. | heart | c. | pancreas |
| b. | ureter | d. | skin |
____ 85. The organs of your urinary system are ____ organs.
| a. | circulatory | c. | skeletal |
| b. | excretory | d. | respiratory |
____ 86. A tube called the ____ leads from the bladder to the outside of the body.
| a. | bladder | c. | ureter |
| b. | nephron | d. | urethra |
Completion
Complete each statement.
Unscramble the letters to form the correct word for each definition.
87. tuntrnie—substance in food that provides energy and raw materials amounts ____________________
88. ryalxn—structure to which vocal cords are attached amounts ____________________
89. erhcaat— tube with cartilage, mucous membranes, and cilia amounts ____________________
90. hobirnc— branches of the trachea amounts ____________________
91. iavello— clusters of thin-walled air sacs in the lungs amounts ____________________
92. livil— fingerlike projections in the small intestine amounts ____________________
93. etreurs— tubes that lead from each kidney to the bladder amounts ____________________
94. sliranem— inorganic nutrients amounts ____________________
95. snedyik— major organs of urinary system amounts ____________________
96. rohspnen— filtering units of the kidneys amounts ____________________
97. yemzen— protein that speeds up chemical reactions amounts ____________________
98. derdabl— organ that holds urine until it is excreted amounts ____________________
99. nivimat— organic nutrient needed in small amounts ____________________
Matching
Match the organ with its location along the digestive tract as shown in this figure.
| a. | Anus | e. | Rectum |
| b. | Esophagus | f. | Small intestine |
| c. | Large intestine | g. | Stomach |
| d. | Mouth |
| |
____ 100. Match the organ with its position in the figure shown.
____ 101. Match the organ with its position in the figure shown.
____ 102. Match the organ with its position in the figure shown.
____ 103. Match the organ with its position in the figure shown.
____ 104. Match the organ with its position in the figure shown.
____ 105. Match the organ with its position in the figure shown.
____ 106. Match the organ with its position in the figure shown.
Match each item with the correct description below.
| a. | amino acids | f. | mechanical digestion |
| b. | villi | g. | minerals |
| c. | carbohydrates | h. | peristalsis |
| d. | chemical digestion | i. | proteins |
| e. | saliva |
| |
____ 107. main sources of energy; starches and sugars
____ 108. nutrients that repair and replace body cells
____ 109. subunits of proteins
____ 110. inorganic nutrients that regulate the body’s chemical reactions
____ 111. physical breakdown of food, as in chewing
____ 112. breakdown of food molecules for absorption
____ 113. enzyme-containing fluid in the mouth
____ 114. muscular contractions that move food
____ 115. fingerlike projections in the small intestine
Match each organ with its function.
| a. | anus | f. | mouth |
| b. | esophagus | g. | pancreas |
| c. | salivary glands | h. | small intestine |
| d. | large intestine | i. | stomach |
| e. | liver |
| |
____ 116. place where food is ground mechanically into small pieces
____ 117. muscular tube that serves as passageway for food
____ 118. turns food into chyme
____ 119. major portion of all digestion takes place here
____ 120. produces bile
____ 121. make saliva
____ 122. produces substances that stop stomach acid action and enzymes that break down organic nutrients
____ 123. absorbs water from undigested food
____ 124. controls the release of solid waste
Short Answer
125. 
Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
126.
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
127.
What is an accessory organ?
128.
How does the large intestine maintain homeostasis?
129.
Identify the six kinds of nutrients found in foods.
130.
Explain why fats are necessary nutrients.
131.
Explain the purpose of the mucus membranes and cilia in the trachea.
132.
How is air that enters the nose cleaned and filtered?
133.
Why is smoking is so dangerous to your health?
134.
Explain the dangers of kidney failure.
135. List four diseases or disorders of the respiratory system.
136. List the five major excretory organs.
137. List the four organic nutrients and the two inorganic nutrients.
138. Study the diagram of the respiratory system below. Then label each of the numbered structures.
139. Name the five food groups, and explain the relationship between diet and health.
140. Explain how homeostasis is maintained in the digestive system.
141. List three functions of the urinary system.
Using these tables from a can of yellow sweet corn, answer the following questions. All figures are for a 1/2-cup (118 mL) serving.
| Nutritional Information | Percent of U.S. RDA | |||
| Protein | 2 g | | Protein | 2 |
| Carbohydrates | 18 g | | Vitamin A | 2 |
| Fat | 0 g | | Vitamin B1 | 2 |
| Sodium | 280 mg | | Vitamin B2 | 2 |
| Potassium | 170 mg | | Vitamin C | 6 |
| | | | Phosphorus | 4 |
| | | | Iron | 2 |
142. What tells you that eating corn would not add to your cholesterol level?
143. What two nutrients in corn would help build bones and teeth?
144. What tells you that eating corn would help give you energy?
145. Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks.
The main job of the a). ____________________ is to absorb water from undigested food. In doing so, the body returns large amounts of water to the body and maintains b) ______________. c) ____________________ slows down somewhat in the large intestine. Chyme may stay here as long as d) ____________________ days. During this time, excess water is absorbed back into the bloodstream. The remaining materials, consisting of e) ____________________ and bacteria, become more f) ____________________. Bacteria that live here feed on these undigested materials. This is a symbiotic relationship. The bacteria feed on these materials, and in return they produce several g) ____________________ that you need.
146. Descriptions of four diseases or disorders of the respiratory system are listed in the chart below. Complete the chart by writing the name of the disease or disorder next to its description.
| Disorder | Description |
| | much mucus is produced; coughing harms cilia and bronchial tubes. |
| | major cause is smoking; leading type of cancer deaths |
| | wheezing; bronchial tubes contract quickly; often an allergic reaction |
| | main cause is smoking; alveoli in lungs lose their ability to expand and contract |
147. Listed below are five activities of the respiratory system. Give a function of each.
1. cellular respiration
2. inhaling
3. air moves through nostrils
4. air enters the nasal cavity
5. exhaling
148. List three functions of the urinary system.
Essay
149. 
Explain the process by which air reaches the lungs.
150. What are enzymes and how do they aid in digestion?
151. Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs.
