7th Grade - Chapter 8 Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Barry finds a piece of mica split into two thin sheets. The splitting is an example of which mineral property?
a.
cleavage
b.
hardness
c.
luster
d.
streak
____ 2. What name is often used for intrusive igneous rock?
a.
basaltic
b.
extrusive
c.
granitic
d.
sedimentary
____ 3. Which of the following does NOT show how minerals form?
a.
bone
b.
evaporation
c.
lava
d.
magma
____ 4. How did sedimentary rock get its name?
a.
The rock was named after a person.
b.
The rock formed by layers of sediment.
c.
The rock formed from volcanic eruptions.
d.
The rock was named after a place.
____ 5. Why does the rock cycle have no beginning and no end?
a.
Scientists do not know much about the cycle.
b.
Rock is constantly changing.
c.
The current model is flawed.
d.
Very few rocks ever reach the end of the cycle.
____ 6. Meh Lynn is studying igneous rock in her science class. How does intrusive igneous rock form?
a.
Lava blocks the opening of a volcano and hardens.
b.
Lava flows out of a volcano and hardens.
c.
Magma breaks through Earth’s crust.
d.
Magma rises to the Earth’s crust but never reaches it.
____ 7. Jake’s class is studying minerals and how they are used. They have a chart that tells them how hard each mineral is. A rating of 1 indicates the softest mineral.
Which mineral would be least practical to use as a tool to strike something?
a.
apatite
b.
calcite
c.
quartz
d.
talc
____ 8. How is metamorphic rock different than sedimentary rock?
a.
Only sedimentary rock actually changes form.
b.
Only metamorphic rock actually changes form.
c.
Only sedimentary rock is used to make products.
d.
Only metamorphic rock is formed by pressure.
____ 9. Which mineral can be found in many colors?
a.
calcite
b.
feldspar
c.
mica
d.
talc
____ 10. Why are minerals considered a nonrenewable resource?
a.
They must be mined using expensive machinery.
b.
They are found very deep within Earth.
c.
There is a finite amount and they take a long time to form.
d.
They are no longer being formed.
____ 11. Kavita’s study group drew a model of the rock cycle. Their teacher told them the model was not correct.
What is wrong with their model?
a.
It implies that one type of rock can become another type.
b.
It should not include igneous rock.
c.
It should form a circular shape.
d.
Sedimentary and metamorphic rock are in the wrong order.
____ 12. Why do you think Moh’s Scale is important to scientists?
a.
It tells them how common minerals are.
b.
It tells them how hard minerals are.
c.
It tells them which minerals are gems.
d.
It tells them which minerals are ores.
____ 13. How might a scientist determine the age of a sedimentary rock formation?
a.
The scientist must first find a fossil in the rock.
b.
The scientist can study the individual layers of rock.
c.
Only a chemical test can determine the age of a rock.
d.
Scientists cannot tell the age of rock formations.
____ 14. Rocks that are produced when magma or lava cools and hardens are called ____.
a.
igneous rocks
c.
sedimentary rocks
b.
metamorphic rocks
d.
all of the above
____ 15. Which statement applies to minerals?
a.
More than 4,000 have been identified.
b.
You can find them in your salt shaker.
c.
Each has a unique arrangement of atoms.
d.
all of the above
____ 16. Which properties are NOT commonly used to identify minerals?
a.
reaction with acid
c.
specific gravity
b.
cleavage and fracture
d.
mass and size
____ 17. Rocks are foliated or nonfoliated depending on their ____.
a.
hardness
c.
layers or lack of layers
b.
cleavage and fracture
d.
streak
____ 18. The word metamorphic means ____.
a.
"change of form"
c.
"changed under extreme pressure"
b.
"produced by heat"
d.
all of the above
____ 19. Broken pieces of what types of rock are deposited into layers and cemented together to form sedimentary rock?
a.
sedimentary
c.
metamorphic
b.
igneous
d.
all of the above
____ 20. Which can occur in the rock cycle?
a.
Sedimentary rock is heated and squeezed to form metamorphic rock.
b.
Igneous rock is eroded to form metamorphic rock.
c.
Metamorphic rock melts to form sedimentary rock.
d.
none of the above
____ 21. The size of mineral crystals in igneous rocks ____.
a.
helps classify the rocks
b.
depends on the temperature at which magma forms
c.
depends on the mineral content of magma
d.
all of the above
____ 22. The rock cycle shows each rock ____.
a.
as it was millions of years ago
c.
on a continuing journey
b.
as it is in recent times
d.
as it was originally formed
____ 23. Which statement best describes how rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic?
a.
Rocks are classified by where they are found.
b.
Rocks are classified by how old they are.
c.
Rocks are classified by how they were formed.
d.
Rocks are classified by their color.
____ 24. Which can occur in the rock cycle?
a.
sedimentary rock is eroded to form igneous rock
b.
igneous rock is eroded to form metamorphic rock
c.
metamorphic rock melts to form sedimentary rock
d.
sedimentary rock is heated and squeezed to form metamorphic rock
____ 25. Which statement best expresses the relationship between rocks and minerals?
a.
Rocks and minerals are the same thing.
b.
Minerals are usually made of rocks.
c.
Rocks are usually made of minerals.
d.
Rocks and minerals are both made of gems.
____ 26. Which properties are NOT commonly used to identify minerals?
a.
streak and luster
c.
hardness and magnetism
b.
cleavage and fracture
d.
mass and size
____ 27. Rocks that are produced when melted rock cools and hardens are called ____ rocks.
a.
igneous
c.
sedimentary
b.
metamorphic
d.
foliated
____ 28. The word metamorphic means ____.
a.
“change of form”
c.
“very old”
b.
“produced by heat”
d.
“made from living matter”
____ 29. Broken pieces of rock are deposited into piles and are cemented together by other minerals. What type of rock has been formed?
a.
sedimentary
c.
metamorphic
b.
intrusive
d.
igneous
____ 30. The rock cycle ____.
a.
stopped millions of years ago
c.
is happening all the time
b.
stops for a while and then starts again
d.
just recently began
____ 31. The size of mineral crystals in igneous rocks depends on the ____.
a.
time it takes melted rock to cool
c.
mineral content of melted rock
b.
temperature at which the rock melts
d.
size of the pool of melted rock
____ 32. Foliated and nonfoliated rocks are both types of ____ rocks.
a.
igneous
c.
sedimentary
b.
metamorphic
d.
biochemical
Completion
Complete each statement.
33. Complete Table 9-1.
Rocks and Minerals
Minerals
Rocks
Properties of Minerals
Three Types of Rock
• are crystals
Igneous Rock
• have cleavage or a. ______________
Two Types:
• can be identified by the b. ______________
• d. ______________ form on Earth's surface
• have varying levels of c. ______________ on a scale from 1 to 10
• e. ______________ form below Earth's surface
• some have special properties
Sedimentary Rock
Three Types:
• f. ______________, ______________, ______________
Metamorphic Rock
Two Types:
• g. ______________, ______________
Table 9-1
34. A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition is called a(n) ____________________.
35. A(n) ____________________ is usually formed of two or more minerals.
36. Solids that have a repeating pattern of atoms are called ____________________.
37. Minerals that can be cut and polished, giving them a beautiful appearance, are called ____________________.
38. A mineral is called a(n) ____________________ if it contains an useful metal that can be sold for a profit.
39. The term ____________________ refers to rocks that are produced when melted rock, or magma, from inside Earth cools or hardens on or below Earth's surface.
40. Igneous rocks that form when magma cools on Earth's surface are called ____________________ igneous rocks.
41. Igneous rocks that form when magma cools below the crust inside Earth are called ____________________ igneous rocks.
42. Rocks produced when pieces of other rocks, plant and animal matter, or dissolved minerals collect to form rock layers are called _________________________.
43. Rocks formed when older rocks are heated and/or squeezed are called _________________________.
44. Metamorphic rocks that have distinct bands of minerals that have been heated and squeezed into parallel layers are called ____________________ rocks.
45. Metamorphic rocks that do not have distinct layers or bands are called ____________________ rocks.
46. The ____________________ shows how rocks change from one type to another.
47. Complete Figure 9-1 by inserting the correct terms in the rock cycle diagram.
Figure 9-1
48. Minerals that can be cut and polished, giving them a beautiful appearance, are called ____________________.
49. A(n) ____________________ is usually formed of two or more minerals.
50. Solids that have a repeating pattern of atoms are called ____________________.
51. A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition is called a(n) ____________________.
52. A mineral is called a(n) ____________________ if it contains something that can be useful and sold.
53. The term ____________________ refers to rocks that are produced when melted rock from inside Earth cools and hardens on or under Earth’s surface.
54. Rocks formed when older rocks are heated and/or squeezed are called ____________________.
55. Igneous rocks that form when lava cools under the crust inside Earth, rather than on the surface, are called ____________________ igneous rocks.
56. Rocks produced when pieces of other rocks, plant and animal matter, or dissolved minerals collect to form rock layers are called ____________________ rocks.
57. Igneous rocks that form when lava cools on Earth’s surface are called ____________________ igneous rocks.
58. Detrital rocks are a kind of ____________________ rock made of grains from minerals or other rocks that have moved and been deposited in layers
59. ____________________ rocks form from evaporation of seawater or from other chemical processes.
60. Metamorphic rocks that have distinct bands of minerals that have been heated and squeezed into parallel layers are called ____________________ rocks.
61. ____________________ metamorphic rocks, such as quartzite, marble, and soapstone, do not have distinct layers or bands.
62. The ____________________ shows how rocks are recycled from one type to another.
Matching
Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
ore
d.
gem
b.
mineral
e.
rock
c.
rock cycle
____ 63. a model that shows how rocks are recycled from one type to another
____ 64. a mineral that contains something that can be useful and sold after processing
____ 65. a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition
____ 66. classified as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
____ 67. a rare mineral that can be cut and polished, giving it a beautiful appearance
Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
crystals
d.
metamorphic rocks
b.
igneous rocks
e.
sedimentary rocks
c.
fossil
____ 68. remains or trace of a once-living plant or animal
____ 69. rocks that form when magma or lava cools
____ 70. rocks formed when older rocks are heated and/or squeezed
____ 71. rocks formed when pieces of rocks, plant and animal matter, or dissolved minerals gather into layers
____ 72. solid that has a repeating pattern of atoms
Match each description with the correct item below.
a.
ore
i.
extrusive
b.
crystal
j.
foliated
c.
rock cycle
k.
intrusive
d.
gem
l.
nonfoliated
e.
rock
m.
igneous rocks
f.
organic
n.
sedimentary rocks
g.
chemical
o.
metamorphic rocks
h.
detrital
____ 73. a solid that is usually made of two or more minerals
____ 74. a mineral that contains something that can be useful and sold for a profit
____ 75. a solid mineral with a repeating pattern of atoms
____ 76. a diagram that shows the process of how rocks are changed from one type to another
____ 77. a mineral that is rare and can be cut and polished, giving it a beautiful appearance
____ 78. rocks that form when lava cools on Earth’s surface
____ 79. igneous rocks that form below the surface of Earth
____ 80. include intrusive and extrusive kinds of rocks
____ 81. rocks made of grains of minerals or other rocks that are moved and deposited into layers
____ 82. rocks formed when seawater, loaded with dissolved minerals, evaporates
____ 83. include detrital, chemical, and organic kinds of rocks
____ 84. rocks formed over millions of years from living matter
____ 85. include foliated and nonfoliated kinds of rocks
____ 86. rocks with bands of minerals that have been heated and squeezed into parallel layers
____ 87. metamorphic rocks with no distinct layers or bands
Short Answer
88.
Sarah is working on a report about the rock cycle. How should she explain how it is possible for a sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic rock?
89.
Jacob is comparing minerals by doing a scratch test. He finds one mineral that can be easily scratched with his fingernail.
Part A What does Jacob’s test tell him about the usefulness of the mineral?
Part B What type of mineral might Jacob have tested?
90.
What clues do we have on how a mineral was formed?
91.
Name five things in your school building that come from minerals.
92.
Why are gems so much more valuable than other minerals?
93.
What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?
94.
What is the Mohs scale?
95.
What is a mineral's streak, and is it always the same as its color?
96.
What is luster?
97.
How do you measure a mineral's specific gravity?
98.
What are granitic rocks?
99.
What are basaltic rocks?
100.
Why do you think sedimentary rocks are called sedimentary instead of something else?
101.
Explain how a metamorphic rock could turn into a sedimentary rock and then back into metamorphic rock.
102.
Describe ore processing.
103.
You find an extrusive igneous rock. Predict what would happen if you threw this rock in the ocean and wind and moving water acted on it.
104. Complete the concept map by writing the correct terms and phrases from the chapter next to the numbers.
Use the table to answer the questions below.
Selected Characteristics of Three Rock Samples
Sample
Selected characteristics
A
formed from magma
has large crystals
B
has many fossils of sea organisms
fizzes in acid
C
formed from minerals heated and squeezed together
has distinct bands of minerals in parallel layers
105. Is Sample A most likely an igneous, a metamorphic, or a sedimentary rock? Why do you think so? Is it any special type of rock you identified?
106. Is Sample B most likely an igneous, a metamorphic, or a sedimentary rock? Why do you think so? Is it any special type of rock you identified?
107. Is Sample C most likely an igneous, a metamorphic, or a sedimentary rock? Why do you think so? Is it any special type of rock you identified?
108. Predict what will happen in the case below. Conclude by telling what kind of rock will be made.
A huge glob of magma rises from deep in Earth, but a layer of crust keeps it from reaching the surface. Predict what will happen to this glob of magma. Remember that different types of rocks are formed in different ways. And each type of rock is on a continuing journey through the rock cycle.
Essay
109. What is the difference between a mineral and a rock?
110. What are five things in your school building that come from minerals?
111. You are given a sample of a mineral. How might you go about finding out what kind of mineral it is?
112. What does sedimentary mean?
113. What is the relationship between ores and minerals?
Monday, February 11, 2008
Friday, January 25, 2008
7th Grade Chapter 7 Test Online Review
7th Grade - Chapter 7 Test
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 1. Light waves are electromagnetic waves. _________________________
____ 2. Transverse waves move particles back and forth along the same direction in which the waves travel. _________________________
____ 3. Mechanical waves can travel either through matter or through empty space. _________________________
____ 4. The frequency of a wave is the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second. _________________________
____ 5. The amount of diffraction depends on the size of the obstacle and the wavelength of the wave. _________________________
____ 6. The energy carried by a sound wave is blocked by collisions between the particles in the material the wave is traveling in. _________________________
____ 7. A vibrating drumhead produces a compression each time it moves upward and a reflection each time it moves downward. _________________________
____ 8. The intensity of a sound wave increases as the wave spreads out from the source of the sound. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 9. What are the high and low points of a transverse wave called?
a.
coils and rarefactions
b.
compressions and rarefactions
c.
crests and troughs
d.
crests and waves
____ 10. Ben is writing a paper about amplitude. Which statement about amplitude is true?
a.
Amplitude has nothing to do with vibration.
b.
Tightly compressed waves have low amplitudes.
c.
Waves with larger amplitudes carry more energy.
d.
You cannot demonstrate amplitude by shaking the end of a rope.
____ 11. Mr. Lee’s class is studying waves and particles. How are waves and particles similar?
a.
Both have an electric charge.
b.
Both have mass and volume.
c.
Both have the same properties.
d.
Both transport energy.
____ 12. Jessica made a table of sounds and their corresponding decibels.
Which is the BEST guess for the decibels of an average conversation between two people?
a.
10 dB
b.
45 dB
c.
98 dB
d.
120 dB
____ 13. Cheryl hears the sound of a guitar playing. What kind of waves are reaching her ears?
a.
compressional
b.
electromagnetic
c.
transverse
d.
refraction
____ 14. What is the difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves?
a.
Electromagnetic waves can only travel in matter.
b.
Mechanical waves can only travel in space.
c.
Only electromagnetic waves can travel in matter and space.
d.
Only mechanical waves can travel in matter and space.
____ 15. Anna made a Venn diagram to compare X rays and microwaves.
Which is the correct description of the intersecting area of this diagram?
a.
has color
b.
has no energy
c.
part of the electromagnetic spectrum
d.
visible to humans
____ 16. How can you describe the frequency of a wave?
a.
damage done to the ground after an earthquake
b.
distance between a crest and a trough
c.
distance between two points on a wave
d.
number of wavelengths passing a point each second
____ 17. Duane is writing a report about sound. Why does sound have greater intensity if a person is standing right next to it?
a.
Loudness and intensity are the same thing.
b.
The sound has less of an amplitude.
c.
The sound waves have not yet spread out or lost energy.
d.
They are experiencing a sound’s speed, not its intensity.
____ 18. Which unit is used to measure the intensity of a sound wave?
a.
decibels
b.
hertz
c.
joules
d.
nanometers
____ 19. Which electromagnetic waves have the highest energy, highest frequency, and shortest wavelengths?
a.
infrared waves
b.
radio waves and microwaves
c.
ultraviolet waves
d.
X rays and gamma rays
____ 20. Why are light waves considered transverse waves?
a.
They contain an electric part and move very quickly.
b.
They have a lot of intensity and low frequency.
c.
They vibrate at right angles to the direction they travel.
d.
They have a short wavelength and great amplitude.
____ 21. Which electromagnetic wave has a frequency closest to that of visible light?
a.
gamma
b.
microwave
c.
radio
d.
ultraviolet
____ 22. This figure shows a _____.
a.
compressional wave
c.
electromagnetic spectrum
b.
decibel scale
d.
transverse wave
____ 23. In the figure shown, point A is called a _____.
a.
amplitude
c.
rarefaction
b.
crest
d.
trough
____ 24. In the figure shown, point B is called a _____.
a.
compression
c.
diffraction
b.
crest
d.
trough
____ 25. The amplitude of a compressional wave depends on the _____.
a.
density of material in compressions and rarefactions
b.
distance between crests and troughs
c.
number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second.
d.
vibration of electric and magnetic parts
____ 26. Which of the following correctly states the equation for calculating wave speed?
a.
wave speed = frequency / wave length
b.
wave speed = wave length / frequency
c.
wave speed = wave length + frequency
d.
wave speed = wave length x frequency
____ 27. The SI unit for frequency is the _____.
a.
decibel
c.
hertz
b.
degree
d.
meter
____ 28. In the figure shown, the light waves change direction as a result of _____.
a.
diffraction
c.
refraction
b.
reflection
d.
reverberation
____ 29. In the figure shown, the directional change of the light waves occurs because _____.
a.
light waves travel faster through air than water
b.
light waves travel faster through water than air
c.
the angle of reflection of waves always equals the angle of incidence
d.
waves carrying less energy produce light with lower intensity
____ 30. Sound waves produced by a vibrating object are _____.
a.
compressional waves
c.
seismic waves
b.
electromagnetic waves
d.
transverse waves
____ 31. What conclusion can you draw from the information shown in this figure?
a.
Sound intensity is greater in water than in air.
b.
Sound waves can move more quickly through liquids than through solids.
c.
The frequency of sound increases with wave speed.
d.
The speed of sound varies with the material in which the waves travel.
____ 32. Based on the figure shown, sound waves travel most slowly through which of the following?
a.
air
c.
rubber
b.
glass
d.
water
____ 33. Based on the figure shown, about how far can sound travel in water in 2.5 s if the water temperature is 25°?
a.
375 m
c.
875 m
b.
600 m
d.
3,750 m
____ 34. Loudness is the human perception of sound wave _____.
a.
frequency
c.
pitch
b.
intensity
d.
speed
____ 35. The part of the ear that amplifies sound vibrations is the _____.
a.
cochlea
c.
inner ear
b.
middle ear
d.
outer ear
____ 36. The process of detecting objects by bouncing sounds off them is called _____.
a.
diffraction
c.
reverberation
b.
echolocation
d.
vibration
____ 37. If the distance between the crest and trough of a wave is 1.2 m, the wave’s amplitude is _____.
a.
0.6 m
c.
2.4 m
b.
1.2 m
d.
4.8 m
____ 38. Sound intensity is measured in _____.
a.
decibels
c.
infrared waves
b.
hertz
d.
nanometers
____ 39. The brightness of a light is determined by _____.
a.
air temperature
c.
wavelength
b.
intensity of light waves
d.
wave speed
____ 40. The shortest radio waves are called _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
microwaves
b.
infrared waves
d.
ultraviolet waves
____ 41. The electromagnetic waves with the highest energy are _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
sound waves
b.
infrared waves
d.
ultraviolet waves
____ 42. How much of the energy emitted by the Sun reaches Earth?
a.
all
c.
most
b.
a small fraction
d.
nearly half
____ 43. This figure shows an illustration of a _____.
a.
compressional wave
c.
radio wave
b.
electromagnetic wave
d.
reverberation
____ 44. The wavelength of the wave shown in this figure is the distance from _____.
a.
compression to compression
c.
crest to crest
b.
compression to rarefaction
d.
crest to trough
____ 45. The more energy that the wave shown in this figure carries, the greater is its _____.
a.
amplitude
c.
frequency
b.
density
d.
pitch
____ 46. In the figure shown, if angle i increases slightly, angle r will _____.
a.
decrease
c.
increase
b.
disappear
d.
remain the same
____ 47. The “normal” in the figure shown is a line that makes an angle of _____.
a.
30 degrees
c.
90 degrees
b.
45 degrees
d.
180 degrees
____ 48. Based on the figure shown, which of the following sounds would be most likely to cause people discomfort?
a.
chain saw
c.
rustling leaves
b.
noisy restaurant
d.
vacuum cleaner
____ 49. A 10 decibel increase in intensity is generally perceived as a doubling in loudness. In the figure shown, each of the sounds shown is more than twice as loud as a vacuum cleaner except a _____.
a.
chain saw
c.
noisy restaurant
b.
jet plane taking off
d.
power mower
____ 50. Theaters and concert halls often place curtains on the walls in order to _____.
a.
absorb the energy of sound waves
c.
prevent refraction
b.
increase sound reflection
d.
raise the intensity of sound
____ 51. If the frequency of a sound wave is 7.0 Hz, and the sound wave travels through the air at a speed of 350 m/s, what is the wavelength?
a.
0.02 m
c.
343 m
b.
50 m
d.
2,450 m
____ 52. Light travels fastest in _____.
a.
empty space
c.
solids
b.
fresh water
d.
seawater
____ 53. The intensity of light waves is a measure of the _____.
a.
distance the waves have traveled
c.
motion of air particles
b.
energy carried by the waves
d.
speed of the waves
____ 54. In order for the human body to make vitamin D, some exposure to what kind of light waves is necessary?
a.
infrared waves
c.
ultraviolet waves
b.
microwaves
d.
X rays
____ 55. As the frequency of a sound gets higher, so does its _____.
a.
intensity
c.
pitch
b.
loudness
d.
wavelength
____ 56. All of the following are transverse waves except _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
sound waves
b.
radio waves
d.
X rays
____ 57. The electromagnetic waves with the highest frequency are _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
radio waves
b.
microwaves
d.
visible light
____ 58. Waves that can travel only through matter are known as ____ waves.
a.
energy
c.
electromagnetic
b.
mechanical
d.
light
____ 59. ____ is measured in meters.
a.
Frequency
c.
Wavelength
b.
Wave speed
d.
Intensity
____ 60. Frequency is measured in units called ____.
a.
decibels
c.
hertz
b.
lambda
d.
wavelength
____ 61. Night vision goggles use ____ waves to locate people in the dark.
a.
infrared
c.
radio
b.
ultraviolet
d.
gamma
____ 62. The wavelength of a ____ wave is the distance between two adjacent crests or adjacent troughs.
a.
rolling
c.
transverse
b.
compressional
d.
seismic
____ 63. To find the frequency of a compressional wave, you would count the number of ____ that pass by a point each second.
a.
crests
c.
diffractions
b.
refractions
d.
rarefactions
Completion
Complete each statement.
64. ____________________ in the retina of the eye detect light and send signals to the brain.
65. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the transparent layer of the eye through which light first passes.
66. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the flexible part of the eye that changes shape to enable the eye to focus on objects that are near or far.
67. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the part of the eye on which light waves are focused, forming an image.
68. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 2 of the flowchart is ____________________.
69. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 3 is ____________________.
70. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 4 is ____________________.
Write the name of the type of wave described in the space beside each phrase.
transverse wave
compressional wave
electromagnetic wave
71. can travel through matter or empty space ____________________
72. contains high points called crests ____________________
73. contains rarefactions in the wave ____________________
74. contains electric and magnetic parts ____________________
75. detected by the ear ____________________
76. detected by the eye ____________________
Matching
Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.
visible light
f.
pitch
b.
reverberation
g.
intensity
c.
diffraction
h.
wavelength
d.
ultraviolet waves
i.
infrared waves
e.
refraction
j.
wave
____ 77. disturbance that moves through matter or space
____ 78. distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point moving with the same speed and direction
____ 79. change in direction of a wave when it changes speed as it travels from one material to another
____ 80. bending of waves around an object
____ 81. human perception of the frequency of sound
____ 82. repeated echoes
____ 83. amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second
____ 84. waves emitted by all warm bodies
____ 85. waves that can cause sunburn
____ 86. electromagnetic waves that people can see
Match the terms with the correct phrase below.
a.
compressional wave
i.
pitch
b.
diffraction
j.
refraction
c.
electromagnetic spectrum
k.
reverberation
d.
electromagnetic wave
l.
transverse wave
e.
frequency
m.
ultraviolet waves
f.
infrared waves
n.
wave
g.
intensity
o.
wavelength
h.
law of reflection
____ 87. the complete range of electromagnetic wave frequencies and wavelengths
____ 88. waves with wavelengths between 0.001 meters and 700 billionths of a meter
____ 89. causes particles in matter to move back and forth along the same direction in which the wave travels
____ 90. the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it
____ 91. the angle that the incoming wave makes with the normal equals the angle that the outgoing wave makes with the normal
____ 92. the amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second
____ 93. the human perception of the frequency of sound
____ 94. repeated echoes
____ 95. waves with wavelengths between about 400 billionths and 10 billionths of a meter
____ 96. a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space
____ 97. causes particles in matter to move at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels
____ 98. waves that can travel through matter or space
____ 99. the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another
____ 100. the bending of a wave around an object
____ 101. the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second
Match the terms with the correct descriptions below.
a.
diffraction
e.
refraction
b.
electromagnetic wave
f.
reverberation
c.
frequency
g.
transverse wave
d.
pitch
h.
wavelength
____ 102. the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it
____ 103. the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second
____ 104. the bending of a wave around an object
____ 105. the human perception of the frequency of sound
____ 106. a wave that can travel through matter or space
____ 107. repeated echoes
____ 108. causes particles in matter to move at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels
____ 109. the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another
Short Answer
110.
How are seismic waves and sound waves alike and different?
111.
Daria’s class is studying transverse waves. They are using rope as a material in their experiments.
Part A How can the class use the rope to demonstrate wavelength?
Part B How can the class use the rope to demonstrate amplitude?
112.
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
113.
What affect does temperature have on the speed of sound through a material?
114.
How is the intensity of sound waves related to amplitude?
115.
What are the three main parts of the human ear, and what are their basic functions?
116.
Why is it unrealistic for an author to write about a spacecraft traveling faster than the speed of light?
117.
What is the relation between the frequency of electromagnetic waves and their wavelength?
118.
How do X rays help doctors see inside the human body?
119.
What is the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness?
120.
How do rod and cone cells differ in function?
121. Explain the relationship between loudness and sound intensity.
122. What are the three parts of the human ear and what is the function of each part?
123. Explain how humans see color.
Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
124. Identify part 1 in the diagram above and describe its function.
125. Identify part 2 in the diagram above and describe its function.
126. Identify part 3. If part 3 failed to function in a person, what would an implant have to do to imitate the function of this part of the ear?
127. Complete the following concept map.
128. A sound wave with a frequency of 15,000 Hz travels through iron with a speed of 5,130 m/s. What is the wavelength of this wave?
129. A radio wave has a wavelength of 0.3 m and travels at a speed of 300,000,000 m/s. What is the frequency of this wave?
130. If a light wave strikes the mirror as shown below, what is the angle of reflection? Explain your answer.
Essay
131. Describe how sound waves travel through matter.
132. Compare and contrast refraction and diffraction.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 1. Light waves are electromagnetic waves. _________________________
____ 2. Transverse waves move particles back and forth along the same direction in which the waves travel. _________________________
____ 3. Mechanical waves can travel either through matter or through empty space. _________________________
____ 4. The frequency of a wave is the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second. _________________________
____ 5. The amount of diffraction depends on the size of the obstacle and the wavelength of the wave. _________________________
____ 6. The energy carried by a sound wave is blocked by collisions between the particles in the material the wave is traveling in. _________________________
____ 7. A vibrating drumhead produces a compression each time it moves upward and a reflection each time it moves downward. _________________________
____ 8. The intensity of a sound wave increases as the wave spreads out from the source of the sound. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 9. What are the high and low points of a transverse wave called?
a.
coils and rarefactions
b.
compressions and rarefactions
c.
crests and troughs
d.
crests and waves
____ 10. Ben is writing a paper about amplitude. Which statement about amplitude is true?
a.
Amplitude has nothing to do with vibration.
b.
Tightly compressed waves have low amplitudes.
c.
Waves with larger amplitudes carry more energy.
d.
You cannot demonstrate amplitude by shaking the end of a rope.
____ 11. Mr. Lee’s class is studying waves and particles. How are waves and particles similar?
a.
Both have an electric charge.
b.
Both have mass and volume.
c.
Both have the same properties.
d.
Both transport energy.
____ 12. Jessica made a table of sounds and their corresponding decibels.
Which is the BEST guess for the decibels of an average conversation between two people?
a.
10 dB
b.
45 dB
c.
98 dB
d.
120 dB
____ 13. Cheryl hears the sound of a guitar playing. What kind of waves are reaching her ears?
a.
compressional
b.
electromagnetic
c.
transverse
d.
refraction
____ 14. What is the difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves?
a.
Electromagnetic waves can only travel in matter.
b.
Mechanical waves can only travel in space.
c.
Only electromagnetic waves can travel in matter and space.
d.
Only mechanical waves can travel in matter and space.
____ 15. Anna made a Venn diagram to compare X rays and microwaves.
Which is the correct description of the intersecting area of this diagram?
a.
has color
b.
has no energy
c.
part of the electromagnetic spectrum
d.
visible to humans
____ 16. How can you describe the frequency of a wave?
a.
damage done to the ground after an earthquake
b.
distance between a crest and a trough
c.
distance between two points on a wave
d.
number of wavelengths passing a point each second
____ 17. Duane is writing a report about sound. Why does sound have greater intensity if a person is standing right next to it?
a.
Loudness and intensity are the same thing.
b.
The sound has less of an amplitude.
c.
The sound waves have not yet spread out or lost energy.
d.
They are experiencing a sound’s speed, not its intensity.
____ 18. Which unit is used to measure the intensity of a sound wave?
a.
decibels
b.
hertz
c.
joules
d.
nanometers
____ 19. Which electromagnetic waves have the highest energy, highest frequency, and shortest wavelengths?
a.
infrared waves
b.
radio waves and microwaves
c.
ultraviolet waves
d.
X rays and gamma rays
____ 20. Why are light waves considered transverse waves?
a.
They contain an electric part and move very quickly.
b.
They have a lot of intensity and low frequency.
c.
They vibrate at right angles to the direction they travel.
d.
They have a short wavelength and great amplitude.
____ 21. Which electromagnetic wave has a frequency closest to that of visible light?
a.
gamma
b.
microwave
c.
radio
d.
ultraviolet
____ 22. This figure shows a _____.
a.
compressional wave
c.
electromagnetic spectrum
b.
decibel scale
d.
transverse wave
____ 23. In the figure shown, point A is called a _____.
a.
amplitude
c.
rarefaction
b.
crest
d.
trough
____ 24. In the figure shown, point B is called a _____.
a.
compression
c.
diffraction
b.
crest
d.
trough
____ 25. The amplitude of a compressional wave depends on the _____.
a.
density of material in compressions and rarefactions
b.
distance between crests and troughs
c.
number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second.
d.
vibration of electric and magnetic parts
____ 26. Which of the following correctly states the equation for calculating wave speed?
a.
wave speed = frequency / wave length
b.
wave speed = wave length / frequency
c.
wave speed = wave length + frequency
d.
wave speed = wave length x frequency
____ 27. The SI unit for frequency is the _____.
a.
decibel
c.
hertz
b.
degree
d.
meter
____ 28. In the figure shown, the light waves change direction as a result of _____.
a.
diffraction
c.
refraction
b.
reflection
d.
reverberation
____ 29. In the figure shown, the directional change of the light waves occurs because _____.
a.
light waves travel faster through air than water
b.
light waves travel faster through water than air
c.
the angle of reflection of waves always equals the angle of incidence
d.
waves carrying less energy produce light with lower intensity
____ 30. Sound waves produced by a vibrating object are _____.
a.
compressional waves
c.
seismic waves
b.
electromagnetic waves
d.
transverse waves
____ 31. What conclusion can you draw from the information shown in this figure?
a.
Sound intensity is greater in water than in air.
b.
Sound waves can move more quickly through liquids than through solids.
c.
The frequency of sound increases with wave speed.
d.
The speed of sound varies with the material in which the waves travel.
____ 32. Based on the figure shown, sound waves travel most slowly through which of the following?
a.
air
c.
rubber
b.
glass
d.
water
____ 33. Based on the figure shown, about how far can sound travel in water in 2.5 s if the water temperature is 25°?
a.
375 m
c.
875 m
b.
600 m
d.
3,750 m
____ 34. Loudness is the human perception of sound wave _____.
a.
frequency
c.
pitch
b.
intensity
d.
speed
____ 35. The part of the ear that amplifies sound vibrations is the _____.
a.
cochlea
c.
inner ear
b.
middle ear
d.
outer ear
____ 36. The process of detecting objects by bouncing sounds off them is called _____.
a.
diffraction
c.
reverberation
b.
echolocation
d.
vibration
____ 37. If the distance between the crest and trough of a wave is 1.2 m, the wave’s amplitude is _____.
a.
0.6 m
c.
2.4 m
b.
1.2 m
d.
4.8 m
____ 38. Sound intensity is measured in _____.
a.
decibels
c.
infrared waves
b.
hertz
d.
nanometers
____ 39. The brightness of a light is determined by _____.
a.
air temperature
c.
wavelength
b.
intensity of light waves
d.
wave speed
____ 40. The shortest radio waves are called _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
microwaves
b.
infrared waves
d.
ultraviolet waves
____ 41. The electromagnetic waves with the highest energy are _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
sound waves
b.
infrared waves
d.
ultraviolet waves
____ 42. How much of the energy emitted by the Sun reaches Earth?
a.
all
c.
most
b.
a small fraction
d.
nearly half
____ 43. This figure shows an illustration of a _____.
a.
compressional wave
c.
radio wave
b.
electromagnetic wave
d.
reverberation
____ 44. The wavelength of the wave shown in this figure is the distance from _____.
a.
compression to compression
c.
crest to crest
b.
compression to rarefaction
d.
crest to trough
____ 45. The more energy that the wave shown in this figure carries, the greater is its _____.
a.
amplitude
c.
frequency
b.
density
d.
pitch
____ 46. In the figure shown, if angle i increases slightly, angle r will _____.
a.
decrease
c.
increase
b.
disappear
d.
remain the same
____ 47. The “normal” in the figure shown is a line that makes an angle of _____.
a.
30 degrees
c.
90 degrees
b.
45 degrees
d.
180 degrees
____ 48. Based on the figure shown, which of the following sounds would be most likely to cause people discomfort?
a.
chain saw
c.
rustling leaves
b.
noisy restaurant
d.
vacuum cleaner
____ 49. A 10 decibel increase in intensity is generally perceived as a doubling in loudness. In the figure shown, each of the sounds shown is more than twice as loud as a vacuum cleaner except a _____.
a.
chain saw
c.
noisy restaurant
b.
jet plane taking off
d.
power mower
____ 50. Theaters and concert halls often place curtains on the walls in order to _____.
a.
absorb the energy of sound waves
c.
prevent refraction
b.
increase sound reflection
d.
raise the intensity of sound
____ 51. If the frequency of a sound wave is 7.0 Hz, and the sound wave travels through the air at a speed of 350 m/s, what is the wavelength?
a.
0.02 m
c.
343 m
b.
50 m
d.
2,450 m
____ 52. Light travels fastest in _____.
a.
empty space
c.
solids
b.
fresh water
d.
seawater
____ 53. The intensity of light waves is a measure of the _____.
a.
distance the waves have traveled
c.
motion of air particles
b.
energy carried by the waves
d.
speed of the waves
____ 54. In order for the human body to make vitamin D, some exposure to what kind of light waves is necessary?
a.
infrared waves
c.
ultraviolet waves
b.
microwaves
d.
X rays
____ 55. As the frequency of a sound gets higher, so does its _____.
a.
intensity
c.
pitch
b.
loudness
d.
wavelength
____ 56. All of the following are transverse waves except _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
sound waves
b.
radio waves
d.
X rays
____ 57. The electromagnetic waves with the highest frequency are _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
radio waves
b.
microwaves
d.
visible light
____ 58. Waves that can travel only through matter are known as ____ waves.
a.
energy
c.
electromagnetic
b.
mechanical
d.
light
____ 59. ____ is measured in meters.
a.
Frequency
c.
Wavelength
b.
Wave speed
d.
Intensity
____ 60. Frequency is measured in units called ____.
a.
decibels
c.
hertz
b.
lambda
d.
wavelength
____ 61. Night vision goggles use ____ waves to locate people in the dark.
a.
infrared
c.
radio
b.
ultraviolet
d.
gamma
____ 62. The wavelength of a ____ wave is the distance between two adjacent crests or adjacent troughs.
a.
rolling
c.
transverse
b.
compressional
d.
seismic
____ 63. To find the frequency of a compressional wave, you would count the number of ____ that pass by a point each second.
a.
crests
c.
diffractions
b.
refractions
d.
rarefactions
Completion
Complete each statement.
64. ____________________ in the retina of the eye detect light and send signals to the brain.
65. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the transparent layer of the eye through which light first passes.
66. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the flexible part of the eye that changes shape to enable the eye to focus on objects that are near or far.
67. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the part of the eye on which light waves are focused, forming an image.
68. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 2 of the flowchart is ____________________.
69. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 3 is ____________________.
70. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 4 is ____________________.
Write the name of the type of wave described in the space beside each phrase.
transverse wave
compressional wave
electromagnetic wave
71. can travel through matter or empty space ____________________
72. contains high points called crests ____________________
73. contains rarefactions in the wave ____________________
74. contains electric and magnetic parts ____________________
75. detected by the ear ____________________
76. detected by the eye ____________________
Matching
Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.
visible light
f.
pitch
b.
reverberation
g.
intensity
c.
diffraction
h.
wavelength
d.
ultraviolet waves
i.
infrared waves
e.
refraction
j.
wave
____ 77. disturbance that moves through matter or space
____ 78. distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point moving with the same speed and direction
____ 79. change in direction of a wave when it changes speed as it travels from one material to another
____ 80. bending of waves around an object
____ 81. human perception of the frequency of sound
____ 82. repeated echoes
____ 83. amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second
____ 84. waves emitted by all warm bodies
____ 85. waves that can cause sunburn
____ 86. electromagnetic waves that people can see
Match the terms with the correct phrase below.
a.
compressional wave
i.
pitch
b.
diffraction
j.
refraction
c.
electromagnetic spectrum
k.
reverberation
d.
electromagnetic wave
l.
transverse wave
e.
frequency
m.
ultraviolet waves
f.
infrared waves
n.
wave
g.
intensity
o.
wavelength
h.
law of reflection
____ 87. the complete range of electromagnetic wave frequencies and wavelengths
____ 88. waves with wavelengths between 0.001 meters and 700 billionths of a meter
____ 89. causes particles in matter to move back and forth along the same direction in which the wave travels
____ 90. the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it
____ 91. the angle that the incoming wave makes with the normal equals the angle that the outgoing wave makes with the normal
____ 92. the amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second
____ 93. the human perception of the frequency of sound
____ 94. repeated echoes
____ 95. waves with wavelengths between about 400 billionths and 10 billionths of a meter
____ 96. a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space
____ 97. causes particles in matter to move at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels
____ 98. waves that can travel through matter or space
____ 99. the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another
____ 100. the bending of a wave around an object
____ 101. the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second
Match the terms with the correct descriptions below.
a.
diffraction
e.
refraction
b.
electromagnetic wave
f.
reverberation
c.
frequency
g.
transverse wave
d.
pitch
h.
wavelength
____ 102. the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it
____ 103. the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second
____ 104. the bending of a wave around an object
____ 105. the human perception of the frequency of sound
____ 106. a wave that can travel through matter or space
____ 107. repeated echoes
____ 108. causes particles in matter to move at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels
____ 109. the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another
Short Answer
110.
How are seismic waves and sound waves alike and different?
111.
Daria’s class is studying transverse waves. They are using rope as a material in their experiments.
Part A How can the class use the rope to demonstrate wavelength?
Part B How can the class use the rope to demonstrate amplitude?
112.
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
113.
What affect does temperature have on the speed of sound through a material?
114.
How is the intensity of sound waves related to amplitude?
115.
What are the three main parts of the human ear, and what are their basic functions?
116.
Why is it unrealistic for an author to write about a spacecraft traveling faster than the speed of light?
117.
What is the relation between the frequency of electromagnetic waves and their wavelength?
118.
How do X rays help doctors see inside the human body?
119.
What is the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness?
120.
How do rod and cone cells differ in function?
121. Explain the relationship between loudness and sound intensity.
122. What are the three parts of the human ear and what is the function of each part?
123. Explain how humans see color.
Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
124. Identify part 1 in the diagram above and describe its function.
125. Identify part 2 in the diagram above and describe its function.
126. Identify part 3. If part 3 failed to function in a person, what would an implant have to do to imitate the function of this part of the ear?
127. Complete the following concept map.
128. A sound wave with a frequency of 15,000 Hz travels through iron with a speed of 5,130 m/s. What is the wavelength of this wave?
129. A radio wave has a wavelength of 0.3 m and travels at a speed of 300,000,000 m/s. What is the frequency of this wave?
130. If a light wave strikes the mirror as shown below, what is the angle of reflection? Explain your answer.
Essay
131. Describe how sound waves travel through matter.
132. Compare and contrast refraction and diffraction.
6th Grade Chapter 19 Test
6th Grade Chapter 19 Test
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 1. The positive electrode in a dry-cell battery is a zinc rod. _________________________
____ 2. In a battery, chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy. _________________________
____ 3. Charging by contact occurs when an electric field rearranges the charges in an object. _________________________
____ 4. Unlike magnetic poles repel each other. _________________________
____ 5. The amount of positive charge on a proton equals the amount of negative charge on a neutron. _________________________
____ 6. As the amount of charge on either of two charged objects increases, the electric force between the objects decreases. _________________________
____ 7. An electromagnet is a current-carrying wire wrapped around a copper core. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 8. Which of these particles can be found in the nucleus of an atom?
a.
electrons
b.
electrons and protons
c.
electrons, protons, and neutrons
d.
neutrons and protons
____ 9. Why do we say that atoms are neutral?
a.
They contain neutrons.
b.
They make up all matter.
c.
They have zero total charge.
d.
They remain motionless.
____ 10. Which of the following does NOT affect the electric force between objects?
a.
the amount of charge on the objects
b.
the distance between the objects
c.
the size of the objects
d.
whether the objects have like or unlike charges
____ 11. Why are electrically charged objects able to exert force on one another without touching?
a.
They are affected by gravity.
b.
They are surrounded by a magnetic field.
c.
They are surrounded by an electric field.
d.
They create a current.
____ 12. What happens to an object when it picks up excess electrons by contact?
a.
It becomes an insulator.
b.
It becomes negatively charged.
c.
It becomes positively charged.
d.
It gives off a bright spark.
____ 13. Which word describes material in which electric charges move easily?
a.
conductor
b.
field
c.
insulator
d.
magnet
____ 14. Why does a wire remain electrically neutral?
a.
because electrons flow in and out at the same rate
b.
because it has more protons than electrons
c.
because it is coated in neutrons
d.
because it stays charged by flowing electrons
____ 15. Cary and Alana are making an electromagnet for a class project. To make the electromagnet, they wrap a current-carrying wire around an iron core. What is the relationship between electricity and magnetism that makes it possible for them to create an electromagnet?
a.
A moving electric charge is surrounded by a magnetic field.
b.
Magnets are electrically charged objects.
c.
The wire conductor is made of magnetic material.
d.
All circuits are temporary magnets.
____ 16. Ricardo is studying different changes in electric circuits. What happens when he increases the voltage in a circuit?
a.
The circuit breaks.
b.
The current increases.
c.
The flow of electrons slows down.
d.
The resistance increases.
____ 17. Which device converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by rotating a wire loop inside a magnetic field?
a.
a battery
b.
a series circuit
c.
an electric generator
d.
an electromagnet
____ 18. Rita is writing a report that compares magnets and electric charges. Which of these is NOT a characteristic shared by magnets and electric charges?
a.
Their forces are stronger as they move closer together.
b.
Their like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
c.
They are surrounded by fields that exert force at a distance.
d.
They have charges arranged in domains.
____ 19. Kendra and Jamal are looking at this diagram in a science book. The diagram shows the magnetic domains of the same object before and after it is acted on by the force of a permanent magnet.
What type of object does this diagram show?
a.
a bar magnet
b.
a compass
c.
an electromagnet
d.
a temporary magnet
____ 20. Which of the following transforms mechanical energy to electric energy?
a.
a lightning rod
b.
an electromagnet
c.
an electric generator
d.
a parallel circuit
____ 21. A material through which electrons can move easily is a _____.
a.
conductor
c.
insulator
b.
electromagnet
d.
nucleus
____ 22. Each of the following is an example of an insulator except _____.
a.
copper
c.
rubber
b.
glass
d.
wood
____ 23. An atom has equal numbers of protons and _____.
a.
electrons
c.
ohms
b.
neutrons
d.
volts
____ 24. The process of providing a path to drain excess charge into Earth is called _____.
a.
electromagnetic induction
c.
lightning
b.
grounding
d.
resistance
____ 25. Which of the following correctly states Ohm's Law?
a.
resistance = voltage + current
c.
voltage = current / resistance
b.
resistance = voltage x current
d.
voltage = current x resistance
____ 26. An object with equal amounts of positive and negative charge is electrically _____.
a.
charged
c.
neutral
b.
negative
d.
positive
____ 27. If the distance between two charged objects increases, the electric force between them _____.
a.
decreases
c.
remains the same
b.
increases
d.
stops
____ 28. Every proton and electron is surrounded by a(n) _____.
a.
electric circuit
c.
insulator
b.
electric field
d.
magnetic pole
____ 29. Which of the following is an example of charging by induction?
a.
clothes sticking together after tumbling in a dryer
b.
making a paper clip into a temporary magnet
c.
rubbing a balloon against a person's hair
d.
sticking a balloon to a wall after rubbing it on a sweater
____ 30. When an object has more negative charge than positive charge, the result is called a _____.
a.
electric discharge
c.
series circuit
b.
magnetic domain
d.
static charge
____ 31. The SI unit for electric current is the _____.
a.
ampere
c.
ohm
b.
electron
d.
volt
____ 32. In the figure shown, the shock that a person gets when touching a metal doorknob after walking across a carpet is caused by _____.
a.
charging by contact
c.
electromagnetic induction
b.
charging by induction
d.
Ohm's Law
____ 33. In the figure shown the spark that jumps between the hand and the doorknob is an example of _____.
a.
a chemical reaction
c.
electromagnetism
b.
an electric discharge
d.
grounding
____ 34. In the figure shown, the spark that occurs results from the movement of _____.
a.
atoms
c.
neutrons
b.
electrons
d.
protons
____ 35. Electrical energy is converted into heat and light in a _____.
a.
battery
c.
magnetic pole
b.
filament
d.
voltmeter
____ 36. Wet-cell batteries are typically used to supply electrical energy to _____.
a.
automobiles
c.
flashlights
b.
calculators
d.
portable CD players
____ 37. One difference between dry-cell batteries and wet-cell batteries is that _____.
a.
Dry-cell batteries are not rechargeable.
b.
No chemical reactions occur in dry-cell batteries.
c.
No chemical reactions occur in wet-cell batteries.
d.
Wet-cell batteries do not have an electrolyte.
____ 38. Which of the following is true about the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet?
a.
They are closest together at the magnet's poles.
b.
They are closest together near the magnet's center.
c.
They are closest together where the magnetic field is weakest.
d.
They extend in a straight line from the magnet's center.
____ 39. Each of the following elements is magnetic except _____.
a.
aluminum
c.
iron
b.
cobalt
d.
nickel
____ 40. The magnetic fields of all the atoms in a magnetic domain _____.
a.
add together
c.
cause a chemical reaction
b.
cancel each other out
d.
produce an electric current
____ 41. In the figure shown, what must happen for current to flow?
a.
A chemical reaction must occur.
c.
The wire loop must be heated.
b.
The magnet's poles must be reversed.
d.
The wire loop must rotate.
____ 42. The generator in the figure shown converts _____.
a.
chemical energy to electrical energy
b.
electrical energy to chemical energy
c.
electrical energy to mechanical energy
d.
mechanical energy to electrical energy
____ 43. Which of the following occurs in a hydroelectric power plant?
a.
Electrical energy is used to move water.
b.
Kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy.
c.
Kinetic energy causes a chemical reaction that produces steam.
d.
Hot water causes a chemical reaction that generates electrical energy.
____ 44. The unit used for measuring electric resistance is the _____.
a.
ampere
c.
ohm
b.
degree
d.
volt
____ 45. A circuit that has more than one closed path for current to follow is referred to as a(n) _____.
a.
electron circuit
c.
parallel circuit
b.
magnetic circuit
d.
series circuit
____ 46. Lightning is an example of _____.
a.
charging by contact
c.
electric discharge
b.
circuit electricity
d.
electromagnetic induction
____ 47. The chemical reactions that occur within a battery cell are caused by chemicals in the _____.
a.
electrolyte
c.
negative electrode
b.
magnetic poles
d.
positive electrode
____ 48. If the current in a portable radio is 0.4 amperes, and the resistance of the circuit is 30.0 ohms, what is the voltage provided by the radio's battery?
a.
0.01 volts
c.
30.4 volts
b.
12 volts
d.
75 volts
____ 49. Which of the following statements about the forces between charged objects is not true?
a.
As the distance between charged objects decreases, the electric force between them decreases.
b.
If one object is positively charged and another is negatively charged, the objects will attract each other.
c.
Two negatively charged objects will repel each other.
d.
Two positively charged objects will repel each other.
____ 50. To make electric charges flow in a circuit, there must be a(n) _____.
a.
electric field
c.
insulator
b.
electrolyte
d.
magnetic domain
____ 51. In the figure shown, how much current flows in circuit 2?
a.
0.15 amperes
c.
40 amperes
b.
6.67 amperes
d.
60 amperes
____ 52. In the figure shown, what is the resistance of circuit 4?
a.
0.025 ohms
c.
12 ohms
b.
6.4 ohms
d.
40 ohms
____ 53. In the figure shown, which circuits have the same resistance?
a.
circuits 1 and 2
c.
circuits 2 and 4
b.
circuits 1 and 3
d.
circuits 3 and 4
____ 54. In the figure shown, diagram B illustrates _____.
a.
a parallel circuit
c.
grounding
b.
a series circuit
d.
resistance
____ 55. In the figure shown, if Lamp 1 burns out, what will happen?
a.
Lamp 2 in both diagrams will go out.
b.
Lamp 2 in diagram A will blink on and off.
c.
Lamp 2 only in diagram A will go out.
d.
Lamp 2 only in diagram B will go out.
____ 56. Homes are wired as shown in which diagram in this figure?
a.
diagram A
c.
either diagram A or B
b.
diagram B
d.
neither diagram A nor B
____ 57. In the figure show, what happens when the amount of current flowing in the wire coil is increased?
a.
The magnetic field becomes stronger.
b.
The magnetic field disappears.
c.
The position of the north and south poles is reversed.
d.
The strength of the magnetic field decreases.
____ 58. In the figure shown, what would happen if the direction of current flow in the wire coil were reversed?
a.
The electromagnet would no longer work.
b.
The north and south poles would switch places.
c.
The strength of the magnetic field would increase.
d.
The strength of the magnetic field would decrease.
____ 59. In the figure shown, how does the bar magnet turn the paper clip into a temporary magnet?
a.
magnetic domains of the paper clip to point in different directions
b.
by causing the magnetic domains of the paper clip to point in one direction
c.
by generating an electric current in the paper clip
d.
by producing a chemical change in the paper clip
____ 60. In the figure shown, what would happen if the bar magnet's south pole were used instead of its north pole?
a.
The magnet would be able to attract the paper clip, but not the screw.
b.
The magnet would be able to attract the screw, but not the paper clip.
c.
The paper clip would no longer be able to attract the screw.
d.
The paper clip would still be able to attract the screw.
____ 61. The energy conversion in an electric generator is
a.
mechanical to electric.
c.
chemical to electric.
b.
electrical to mechanic.
d.
electrical to chemic.
____ 62. A stationary charged particle is surrounded by a(n)
a.
electric field.
c.
electric field and a magnetic field.
b.
magnetic field.
d.
electric current.
____ 63. If the resistance in a circuit is doubled while the voltage remains constant, the current
a.
is doubled.
b.
remains constant.
c.
is halved.
d.
cannot be determined from the information provided.
____ 64. The sparks that occur when you pull a wool sweater over your hair is an example of an electric
a.
field.
c.
current.
b.
discharge.
d.
resistance.
____ 65. Which of the following is an electric conductor?
a.
wood
c.
glass
b.
gold
d.
rubber
____ 66. All of the following apply to an electric current, EXCEPT:
a.
it is surrounded by an magnetic field.
b.
it transfers electric energy.
c.
it is measured in volts.
d.
it is a flow of electrons.
____ 67. An electromagnet is a type of
a.
permanent magnet.
c.
generator.
b.
temporary magnet.
d.
parallel circuit.
____ 68. Ohm's law expresses the relationship of
a.
series and parallel circuits.
b.
voltage, current, and electric discharge.
c.
electric charge and magnetic field.
d.
voltage, current, and resistance.
____ 69. In a parallel circuit, the electrons
a.
all follow the same path.
c.
do not carry an electric current.
b.
can follow more than one path.
d.
have a static charge.
____ 70. A copper wire is an example of a(n)
a.
electric circuit.
c.
insulator.
b.
magnetic material.
d.
conductor.
____ 71. The path in which electrons flow is an electric
a.
current.
c.
insulator.
b.
circuit.
d.
field.
____ 72. A group of iron atoms whose magnetic poles are oriented in the same direction are a(n)
a.
electromagnet.
c.
magnetic domain.
b.
magnetic field.
d.
magnetic pole
Completion
Complete each statement.
73. In the figure shown, air currents have caused the bottom of the storm cloud to become ____________________ charged.
74. In the figure shown, charging by ____________________ has caused the ground to become positively charged.
75. In the figure shown, lightning occurs when the ____________________ between the cloud and the ground causes charges to move.
76. In the figure shown, electric current will flow only if the switch is ____________________.
77. In the figure shown, if the switch is closed and one wire is disconnected, the lightbulb will ____________________.
78. In the figure shown, closing the switch in this circuit causes an ____________________ to travel through the circuit, which makes electrons in the bulb start to flow and the bulb to light.
Unscramble the word in italics to complete these sentences.
79. A material in which electrons do not flow easily is a(n) luntsiora. ____________________
80. A lllepaar circuit is one that provides more than one path for electrons. ____________________
81. A wire in which a current flows wrapped around an iron core produces a(n) cogenateeltrm. ____________________
82. gelotva is a measure of how much electrical energy an electron carries. ____________________
83. A circuit that provides only one path for electrons is a eeriss circuit. ____________________
84. A nuccdotro is a material in which electrons flow easily. ____________________
Choose the italicized word that correctly completes the sentence.
85. The closed path in which electric charges can flow is an electric ____________________ circuit / current.
86. Electrons flow from the ____________________ positive / negative terminal of a battery.
87. Collisions of electrons with other particles in a circuit convert electrical ____________________ energy / charge into heat or light.
88. V = IR is the equation that expresses the relationship known as ____________________ Ohm's / Ampere's law.
89. In the formula V = IR, current is represented by the letter ____________________ I / R.
90. A light switch is part of a ____________________ series / parallel circuit if it controls all of the lights at once.
91. As the distance between two electric charges decreases, the electric force between them ____________________ increases / decreases.
92. The electric force that one electron exerts on another electron is always ____________________ attractive / repulsive.
93. The electric field around an electron points ____________________ toward / away from the electron.
94. The magnetic field around a bar magnetic is ____________________ strongest / weakest at the magnetic poles.
95. Materials such as iron are magnetic materials because they contain magnetic ____________________ currents / domains.
96. The voltage between two points in a circuit ____________________ increases / decreases when the electric field in the circuit increases.
97. In the equation V = IR, the letter “I” represents ____________________, which is measured in units of ____________________.
98. Collisions between moving electrons in a circuit and other particles, such as atoms, result in ____________________.
99. A permanent magnet is formed when all of the ____________________ of a magnetic material line up.
100. A(n) ____________________ converts mechanical energy into electric energy using the relative motion of a magnet and a wire loop.
101. A compass needle points north because the Earth is surrounded by a(n) ____________________.
Matching
Match each term with the correct definition.
a.
insulator
f.
voltage
b.
conductor
g.
magnetic domain
c.
static charge
h.
electromagnetic induction
d.
electric discharge
i.
electric circuit
e.
electric resistance
j.
electric current
____ 102. flow of electric charges
____ 103. imbalance of electric charge on an object
____ 104. group of atoms that have their magnetic poles pointing in the same direction
____ 105. material that allows electric charges to move easily
____ 106. production of electric current through the movement of a magnet and a loop
____ 107. material that does not allow electric charges to move easily
____ 108. measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow
____ 109. measure of the amount of electrical energy transferred by an electric charge
____ 110. closed path in which electric charges flow
____ 111. movement of static charge from one place to another
Match each item with the correct description below.
a.
charging by contact
f.
electric resistance
b.
charging by polarization
g.
electromagnetic induction
c.
electric discharge
h.
static charge
d.
electric current
i.
magnetic domain
e.
electric circuit
____ 112. an imbalance of electric charge on an object
____ 113. transfer of electric charge between two objects that are touching one another
____ 114. production of an electric current by moving a wire loop and a magnet relative to each other
____ 115. the flow of electrons in a circuit
____ 116. transfer of electric charge between two objects that are not touching one another
____ 117. a group of atoms that have their magnetic poles pointing in one direction
____ 118. a closed path in which electric charges can flow
____ 119. rearrangement of electric charges in an object in an electric field
____ 120. a measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow in an object
Short Answer
121.
Susan drew this diagram on the chalkboard in class.
What do the arrows in this simple electric circuit represent?
122.
How does the balance of protons and electrons determine whether an atom is electrically charged?
123.
Why is copper commonly used to make electric wires?
124.
How can you use the “30-30 rule” to protect yourself during a thunderstorm?
125.
How does connecting a battery to a circuit make charges flow?
126.
What is the function of a voltmeter?
127.
How does the electrolyte determine whether a battery is a wet-cell or a dry-cell?
128.
In what way are electric fields and magnetic fields similar?
129. What happens to the total charge on a wire when a current flows through the wire?
130. In a series circuit with a constant voltage, what is the effect on current if the number of lightbulbs in the circuit is doubled?
131. How can a broken wire affect a series circuit differently than a parallel circuit?
132. Make a general statement about the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Then, identify two facts that support your statement.
133. How are a battery and an electric generator similar and how are they different?
134. How can you determine whether the bulbs in a string of holiday lights are part of a series circuit or part of a parallel circuit?
135. Use the information in the table to match the descriptions to the materials.
Electrical Conductor
Attracted to a Magnet
Material A
yes
yes
Material B
yes
no
Material C
no
no
a. iron nail
b. copper wire
c. glass rod
Study the diagram and use it to answer the questions.
136. What is this a diagram of?
137. What is the source of energy in the diagram?
138. What would be the effect on lightbulb A if the switch were closed?
139. What would be the effect on lightbulb B if the switch were opened?
Essay
140.
What is electric resistance? How is it responsible for creating the light in a lightbulb? Be sure to explain what transformations of energy take place as electrons move through a circuit.
141. Describe how your day at school would be different if there were no electric power.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 1. The positive electrode in a dry-cell battery is a zinc rod. _________________________
____ 2. In a battery, chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy. _________________________
____ 3. Charging by contact occurs when an electric field rearranges the charges in an object. _________________________
____ 4. Unlike magnetic poles repel each other. _________________________
____ 5. The amount of positive charge on a proton equals the amount of negative charge on a neutron. _________________________
____ 6. As the amount of charge on either of two charged objects increases, the electric force between the objects decreases. _________________________
____ 7. An electromagnet is a current-carrying wire wrapped around a copper core. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 8. Which of these particles can be found in the nucleus of an atom?
a.
electrons
b.
electrons and protons
c.
electrons, protons, and neutrons
d.
neutrons and protons
____ 9. Why do we say that atoms are neutral?
a.
They contain neutrons.
b.
They make up all matter.
c.
They have zero total charge.
d.
They remain motionless.
____ 10. Which of the following does NOT affect the electric force between objects?
a.
the amount of charge on the objects
b.
the distance between the objects
c.
the size of the objects
d.
whether the objects have like or unlike charges
____ 11. Why are electrically charged objects able to exert force on one another without touching?
a.
They are affected by gravity.
b.
They are surrounded by a magnetic field.
c.
They are surrounded by an electric field.
d.
They create a current.
____ 12. What happens to an object when it picks up excess electrons by contact?
a.
It becomes an insulator.
b.
It becomes negatively charged.
c.
It becomes positively charged.
d.
It gives off a bright spark.
____ 13. Which word describes material in which electric charges move easily?
a.
conductor
b.
field
c.
insulator
d.
magnet
____ 14. Why does a wire remain electrically neutral?
a.
because electrons flow in and out at the same rate
b.
because it has more protons than electrons
c.
because it is coated in neutrons
d.
because it stays charged by flowing electrons
____ 15. Cary and Alana are making an electromagnet for a class project. To make the electromagnet, they wrap a current-carrying wire around an iron core. What is the relationship between electricity and magnetism that makes it possible for them to create an electromagnet?
a.
A moving electric charge is surrounded by a magnetic field.
b.
Magnets are electrically charged objects.
c.
The wire conductor is made of magnetic material.
d.
All circuits are temporary magnets.
____ 16. Ricardo is studying different changes in electric circuits. What happens when he increases the voltage in a circuit?
a.
The circuit breaks.
b.
The current increases.
c.
The flow of electrons slows down.
d.
The resistance increases.
____ 17. Which device converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by rotating a wire loop inside a magnetic field?
a.
a battery
b.
a series circuit
c.
an electric generator
d.
an electromagnet
____ 18. Rita is writing a report that compares magnets and electric charges. Which of these is NOT a characteristic shared by magnets and electric charges?
a.
Their forces are stronger as they move closer together.
b.
Their like charges repel and unlike charges attract.
c.
They are surrounded by fields that exert force at a distance.
d.
They have charges arranged in domains.
____ 19. Kendra and Jamal are looking at this diagram in a science book. The diagram shows the magnetic domains of the same object before and after it is acted on by the force of a permanent magnet.
What type of object does this diagram show?
a.
a bar magnet
b.
a compass
c.
an electromagnet
d.
a temporary magnet
____ 20. Which of the following transforms mechanical energy to electric energy?
a.
a lightning rod
b.
an electromagnet
c.
an electric generator
d.
a parallel circuit
____ 21. A material through which electrons can move easily is a _____.
a.
conductor
c.
insulator
b.
electromagnet
d.
nucleus
____ 22. Each of the following is an example of an insulator except _____.
a.
copper
c.
rubber
b.
glass
d.
wood
____ 23. An atom has equal numbers of protons and _____.
a.
electrons
c.
ohms
b.
neutrons
d.
volts
____ 24. The process of providing a path to drain excess charge into Earth is called _____.
a.
electromagnetic induction
c.
lightning
b.
grounding
d.
resistance
____ 25. Which of the following correctly states Ohm's Law?
a.
resistance = voltage + current
c.
voltage = current / resistance
b.
resistance = voltage x current
d.
voltage = current x resistance
____ 26. An object with equal amounts of positive and negative charge is electrically _____.
a.
charged
c.
neutral
b.
negative
d.
positive
____ 27. If the distance between two charged objects increases, the electric force between them _____.
a.
decreases
c.
remains the same
b.
increases
d.
stops
____ 28. Every proton and electron is surrounded by a(n) _____.
a.
electric circuit
c.
insulator
b.
electric field
d.
magnetic pole
____ 29. Which of the following is an example of charging by induction?
a.
clothes sticking together after tumbling in a dryer
b.
making a paper clip into a temporary magnet
c.
rubbing a balloon against a person's hair
d.
sticking a balloon to a wall after rubbing it on a sweater
____ 30. When an object has more negative charge than positive charge, the result is called a _____.
a.
electric discharge
c.
series circuit
b.
magnetic domain
d.
static charge
____ 31. The SI unit for electric current is the _____.
a.
ampere
c.
ohm
b.
electron
d.
volt
____ 32. In the figure shown, the shock that a person gets when touching a metal doorknob after walking across a carpet is caused by _____.
a.
charging by contact
c.
electromagnetic induction
b.
charging by induction
d.
Ohm's Law
____ 33. In the figure shown the spark that jumps between the hand and the doorknob is an example of _____.
a.
a chemical reaction
c.
electromagnetism
b.
an electric discharge
d.
grounding
____ 34. In the figure shown, the spark that occurs results from the movement of _____.
a.
atoms
c.
neutrons
b.
electrons
d.
protons
____ 35. Electrical energy is converted into heat and light in a _____.
a.
battery
c.
magnetic pole
b.
filament
d.
voltmeter
____ 36. Wet-cell batteries are typically used to supply electrical energy to _____.
a.
automobiles
c.
flashlights
b.
calculators
d.
portable CD players
____ 37. One difference between dry-cell batteries and wet-cell batteries is that _____.
a.
Dry-cell batteries are not rechargeable.
b.
No chemical reactions occur in dry-cell batteries.
c.
No chemical reactions occur in wet-cell batteries.
d.
Wet-cell batteries do not have an electrolyte.
____ 38. Which of the following is true about the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet?
a.
They are closest together at the magnet's poles.
b.
They are closest together near the magnet's center.
c.
They are closest together where the magnetic field is weakest.
d.
They extend in a straight line from the magnet's center.
____ 39. Each of the following elements is magnetic except _____.
a.
aluminum
c.
iron
b.
cobalt
d.
nickel
____ 40. The magnetic fields of all the atoms in a magnetic domain _____.
a.
add together
c.
cause a chemical reaction
b.
cancel each other out
d.
produce an electric current
____ 41. In the figure shown, what must happen for current to flow?
a.
A chemical reaction must occur.
c.
The wire loop must be heated.
b.
The magnet's poles must be reversed.
d.
The wire loop must rotate.
____ 42. The generator in the figure shown converts _____.
a.
chemical energy to electrical energy
b.
electrical energy to chemical energy
c.
electrical energy to mechanical energy
d.
mechanical energy to electrical energy
____ 43. Which of the following occurs in a hydroelectric power plant?
a.
Electrical energy is used to move water.
b.
Kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy.
c.
Kinetic energy causes a chemical reaction that produces steam.
d.
Hot water causes a chemical reaction that generates electrical energy.
____ 44. The unit used for measuring electric resistance is the _____.
a.
ampere
c.
ohm
b.
degree
d.
volt
____ 45. A circuit that has more than one closed path for current to follow is referred to as a(n) _____.
a.
electron circuit
c.
parallel circuit
b.
magnetic circuit
d.
series circuit
____ 46. Lightning is an example of _____.
a.
charging by contact
c.
electric discharge
b.
circuit electricity
d.
electromagnetic induction
____ 47. The chemical reactions that occur within a battery cell are caused by chemicals in the _____.
a.
electrolyte
c.
negative electrode
b.
magnetic poles
d.
positive electrode
____ 48. If the current in a portable radio is 0.4 amperes, and the resistance of the circuit is 30.0 ohms, what is the voltage provided by the radio's battery?
a.
0.01 volts
c.
30.4 volts
b.
12 volts
d.
75 volts
____ 49. Which of the following statements about the forces between charged objects is not true?
a.
As the distance between charged objects decreases, the electric force between them decreases.
b.
If one object is positively charged and another is negatively charged, the objects will attract each other.
c.
Two negatively charged objects will repel each other.
d.
Two positively charged objects will repel each other.
____ 50. To make electric charges flow in a circuit, there must be a(n) _____.
a.
electric field
c.
insulator
b.
electrolyte
d.
magnetic domain
____ 51. In the figure shown, how much current flows in circuit 2?
a.
0.15 amperes
c.
40 amperes
b.
6.67 amperes
d.
60 amperes
____ 52. In the figure shown, what is the resistance of circuit 4?
a.
0.025 ohms
c.
12 ohms
b.
6.4 ohms
d.
40 ohms
____ 53. In the figure shown, which circuits have the same resistance?
a.
circuits 1 and 2
c.
circuits 2 and 4
b.
circuits 1 and 3
d.
circuits 3 and 4
____ 54. In the figure shown, diagram B illustrates _____.
a.
a parallel circuit
c.
grounding
b.
a series circuit
d.
resistance
____ 55. In the figure shown, if Lamp 1 burns out, what will happen?
a.
Lamp 2 in both diagrams will go out.
b.
Lamp 2 in diagram A will blink on and off.
c.
Lamp 2 only in diagram A will go out.
d.
Lamp 2 only in diagram B will go out.
____ 56. Homes are wired as shown in which diagram in this figure?
a.
diagram A
c.
either diagram A or B
b.
diagram B
d.
neither diagram A nor B
____ 57. In the figure show, what happens when the amount of current flowing in the wire coil is increased?
a.
The magnetic field becomes stronger.
b.
The magnetic field disappears.
c.
The position of the north and south poles is reversed.
d.
The strength of the magnetic field decreases.
____ 58. In the figure shown, what would happen if the direction of current flow in the wire coil were reversed?
a.
The electromagnet would no longer work.
b.
The north and south poles would switch places.
c.
The strength of the magnetic field would increase.
d.
The strength of the magnetic field would decrease.
____ 59. In the figure shown, how does the bar magnet turn the paper clip into a temporary magnet?
a.
magnetic domains of the paper clip to point in different directions
b.
by causing the magnetic domains of the paper clip to point in one direction
c.
by generating an electric current in the paper clip
d.
by producing a chemical change in the paper clip
____ 60. In the figure shown, what would happen if the bar magnet's south pole were used instead of its north pole?
a.
The magnet would be able to attract the paper clip, but not the screw.
b.
The magnet would be able to attract the screw, but not the paper clip.
c.
The paper clip would no longer be able to attract the screw.
d.
The paper clip would still be able to attract the screw.
____ 61. The energy conversion in an electric generator is
a.
mechanical to electric.
c.
chemical to electric.
b.
electrical to mechanic.
d.
electrical to chemic.
____ 62. A stationary charged particle is surrounded by a(n)
a.
electric field.
c.
electric field and a magnetic field.
b.
magnetic field.
d.
electric current.
____ 63. If the resistance in a circuit is doubled while the voltage remains constant, the current
a.
is doubled.
b.
remains constant.
c.
is halved.
d.
cannot be determined from the information provided.
____ 64. The sparks that occur when you pull a wool sweater over your hair is an example of an electric
a.
field.
c.
current.
b.
discharge.
d.
resistance.
____ 65. Which of the following is an electric conductor?
a.
wood
c.
glass
b.
gold
d.
rubber
____ 66. All of the following apply to an electric current, EXCEPT:
a.
it is surrounded by an magnetic field.
b.
it transfers electric energy.
c.
it is measured in volts.
d.
it is a flow of electrons.
____ 67. An electromagnet is a type of
a.
permanent magnet.
c.
generator.
b.
temporary magnet.
d.
parallel circuit.
____ 68. Ohm's law expresses the relationship of
a.
series and parallel circuits.
b.
voltage, current, and electric discharge.
c.
electric charge and magnetic field.
d.
voltage, current, and resistance.
____ 69. In a parallel circuit, the electrons
a.
all follow the same path.
c.
do not carry an electric current.
b.
can follow more than one path.
d.
have a static charge.
____ 70. A copper wire is an example of a(n)
a.
electric circuit.
c.
insulator.
b.
magnetic material.
d.
conductor.
____ 71. The path in which electrons flow is an electric
a.
current.
c.
insulator.
b.
circuit.
d.
field.
____ 72. A group of iron atoms whose magnetic poles are oriented in the same direction are a(n)
a.
electromagnet.
c.
magnetic domain.
b.
magnetic field.
d.
magnetic pole
Completion
Complete each statement.
73. In the figure shown, air currents have caused the bottom of the storm cloud to become ____________________ charged.
74. In the figure shown, charging by ____________________ has caused the ground to become positively charged.
75. In the figure shown, lightning occurs when the ____________________ between the cloud and the ground causes charges to move.
76. In the figure shown, electric current will flow only if the switch is ____________________.
77. In the figure shown, if the switch is closed and one wire is disconnected, the lightbulb will ____________________.
78. In the figure shown, closing the switch in this circuit causes an ____________________ to travel through the circuit, which makes electrons in the bulb start to flow and the bulb to light.
Unscramble the word in italics to complete these sentences.
79. A material in which electrons do not flow easily is a(n) luntsiora. ____________________
80. A lllepaar circuit is one that provides more than one path for electrons. ____________________
81. A wire in which a current flows wrapped around an iron core produces a(n) cogenateeltrm. ____________________
82. gelotva is a measure of how much electrical energy an electron carries. ____________________
83. A circuit that provides only one path for electrons is a eeriss circuit. ____________________
84. A nuccdotro is a material in which electrons flow easily. ____________________
Choose the italicized word that correctly completes the sentence.
85. The closed path in which electric charges can flow is an electric ____________________ circuit / current.
86. Electrons flow from the ____________________ positive / negative terminal of a battery.
87. Collisions of electrons with other particles in a circuit convert electrical ____________________ energy / charge into heat or light.
88. V = IR is the equation that expresses the relationship known as ____________________ Ohm's / Ampere's law.
89. In the formula V = IR, current is represented by the letter ____________________ I / R.
90. A light switch is part of a ____________________ series / parallel circuit if it controls all of the lights at once.
91. As the distance between two electric charges decreases, the electric force between them ____________________ increases / decreases.
92. The electric force that one electron exerts on another electron is always ____________________ attractive / repulsive.
93. The electric field around an electron points ____________________ toward / away from the electron.
94. The magnetic field around a bar magnetic is ____________________ strongest / weakest at the magnetic poles.
95. Materials such as iron are magnetic materials because they contain magnetic ____________________ currents / domains.
96. The voltage between two points in a circuit ____________________ increases / decreases when the electric field in the circuit increases.
97. In the equation V = IR, the letter “I” represents ____________________, which is measured in units of ____________________.
98. Collisions between moving electrons in a circuit and other particles, such as atoms, result in ____________________.
99. A permanent magnet is formed when all of the ____________________ of a magnetic material line up.
100. A(n) ____________________ converts mechanical energy into electric energy using the relative motion of a magnet and a wire loop.
101. A compass needle points north because the Earth is surrounded by a(n) ____________________.
Matching
Match each term with the correct definition.
a.
insulator
f.
voltage
b.
conductor
g.
magnetic domain
c.
static charge
h.
electromagnetic induction
d.
electric discharge
i.
electric circuit
e.
electric resistance
j.
electric current
____ 102. flow of electric charges
____ 103. imbalance of electric charge on an object
____ 104. group of atoms that have their magnetic poles pointing in the same direction
____ 105. material that allows electric charges to move easily
____ 106. production of electric current through the movement of a magnet and a loop
____ 107. material that does not allow electric charges to move easily
____ 108. measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow
____ 109. measure of the amount of electrical energy transferred by an electric charge
____ 110. closed path in which electric charges flow
____ 111. movement of static charge from one place to another
Match each item with the correct description below.
a.
charging by contact
f.
electric resistance
b.
charging by polarization
g.
electromagnetic induction
c.
electric discharge
h.
static charge
d.
electric current
i.
magnetic domain
e.
electric circuit
____ 112. an imbalance of electric charge on an object
____ 113. transfer of electric charge between two objects that are touching one another
____ 114. production of an electric current by moving a wire loop and a magnet relative to each other
____ 115. the flow of electrons in a circuit
____ 116. transfer of electric charge between two objects that are not touching one another
____ 117. a group of atoms that have their magnetic poles pointing in one direction
____ 118. a closed path in which electric charges can flow
____ 119. rearrangement of electric charges in an object in an electric field
____ 120. a measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow in an object
Short Answer
121.
Susan drew this diagram on the chalkboard in class.
What do the arrows in this simple electric circuit represent?
122.
How does the balance of protons and electrons determine whether an atom is electrically charged?
123.
Why is copper commonly used to make electric wires?
124.
How can you use the “30-30 rule” to protect yourself during a thunderstorm?
125.
How does connecting a battery to a circuit make charges flow?
126.
What is the function of a voltmeter?
127.
How does the electrolyte determine whether a battery is a wet-cell or a dry-cell?
128.
In what way are electric fields and magnetic fields similar?
129. What happens to the total charge on a wire when a current flows through the wire?
130. In a series circuit with a constant voltage, what is the effect on current if the number of lightbulbs in the circuit is doubled?
131. How can a broken wire affect a series circuit differently than a parallel circuit?
132. Make a general statement about the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Then, identify two facts that support your statement.
133. How are a battery and an electric generator similar and how are they different?
134. How can you determine whether the bulbs in a string of holiday lights are part of a series circuit or part of a parallel circuit?
135. Use the information in the table to match the descriptions to the materials.
Electrical Conductor
Attracted to a Magnet
Material A
yes
yes
Material B
yes
no
Material C
no
no
a. iron nail
b. copper wire
c. glass rod
Study the diagram and use it to answer the questions.
136. What is this a diagram of?
137. What is the source of energy in the diagram?
138. What would be the effect on lightbulb A if the switch were closed?
139. What would be the effect on lightbulb B if the switch were opened?
Essay
140.
What is electric resistance? How is it responsible for creating the light in a lightbulb? Be sure to explain what transformations of energy take place as electrons move through a circuit.
141. Describe how your day at school would be different if there were no electric power.
Wednesday, January 9, 2008
6th Grade TEST - Chapter20 ONLINE REVIEW
6th Grade TEST - Chapter20 ONLINE REVIEW
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. Water waves can move a piece of cork floating on top of the water only in an up and down motion.
____ 2. Mechanical waves can travel in any type of medium.
____ 3. Radio waves are the only type of electromagnetic wave that is a transverse wave.
____ 4. Sound waves are compressional waves.
____ 5. The amplitude of a wave is the distance between a point on one wave and the identical point on the next wave.
____ 6. In general, the more energy a wave has the greater its amplitude.
____ 7. The speed of light depends on the medium it travels through.
____ 8. You can see yourself in a mirror because of the wave property called interference.
____ 9. Refraction occurs when the amplitude of a wave changes as it goes from one medium to another.
____ 10. You can hear sounds around the corner of a door due to the wave property called diffraction.
____ 11. High-pitched sounds have high frequencies, and low-pitched sounds wave low frequencies.
____ 12. Amplitude and frequency may vary in waves, but all waves travel at the same speed.
____ 13. Waves travel in straight lines and therefore cannot bend as they pass through a narrow opening.
____ 14. Mechanical waves transmit matter, while electromagnetic waves transmit energy.
____ 15. When you watch lightning, the light reaches you before the sound of the accompanying thunder because light travels faster than sound.
____ 16. Diffraction causes diamonds and other gems to sparkle.
____ 17. In a mechanical compressional wave, the wave energy causes the matter in the medium to move up and down or back and forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels.
____ 18. A group of molecules that are squeezed together is called a compression.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 19. What is the best description of a wave?
a.
A wave transfers matter from one place to another.
b.
A wave transfers energy from one place to another.
c.
A wave transfers both energy and matter.
d.
A wave moves matter from one place to another.
____ 20. What kind of wave is created when an up and down motion of a rope produces right angles?
a.
compressional wave
b.
sound wave
c.
tranverse wave
d.
electromagnetic wave
____ 21. What kinds of waves do satellites use to transmit their locations to global positioning systems?
a.
electromagnetic radio waves
b.
infrared waves
c.
ultraviolet waves
d.
visible light waves
____ 22. What is the scientific term used to describe the amount of energy transferred by a wave?
a.
amplitude
b.
compression
c.
frequency
d.
vibration
____ 23. The school band is practicing their scales. As the pitch and frequency of the notes increases, what happens to the wavelength of the notes?
a.
The wavelength increases.
b.
The wavelength decreases then increases.
c.
The wavelength stays the same.
d.
The wavelength decreases.
____ 24. From the information on the chart, what can you conclude about the way sound travels?
a.
Sound waves travel faster as the temperature decreases.
b.
Sound waves travel more slowly through air.
c.
Sound waves travel faster as the temperature increases.
d.
Sound waves travel at a constant speed in all temperatures.
____ 25.
What kind of sound is an echo?
a.
diffraction
b.
reflection
c.
refraction
d.
vibration
____ 26. When the band is practicing in the music room, you can hear the music as it passes through the hallway. What property of sound does this example describe?
a.
amplification
b.
diffraction
c.
refraction
d.
vibration
____ 27. What happens when two waves meet?
a.
They collide and change direction.
b.
They collide and continue moving.
c.
They pass through each other and continue moving.
d.
They crash together and form a tsunami.
____ 28. When two waves overlap, they combine to form a new wave. What is this characteristic called?
a.
crest
b.
diffraction
c.
interference
d.
trough
____ 29. You are giving a presentation in science class about sound. You describe how the noise produced by the motor of a lawn mower hurts your ears.What term would you use to explain the way that you would reduce the noise of the mower?
a.
constructive interference
b.
destructive interference
c.
reflected sound
d.
refracted sound
____ 30. What kind of a wave travels along the coils of a spring?
a.
amplitude
b.
compressional
c.
frequency
d.
transverse
____ 31. The electromagnetic spectrum shows the range of electromagnetic waves. The wavelengths decrease at the bottom of the spectrum and increase at the top. What is the explanation for the range of wavelengths?
a.
Each wavelength is a different distance from the sun.
b.
Each wavelength has a different amplitude of vibration.
c.
Each wavelength has a different level of refraction.
d.
Each wavelength has a different frequency.
____ 32. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a mechanical wave?
a.
sound wave
c.
earthquake wave
b.
water wave
d.
radio wave
____ 33. Which one of the following is NOT an example of an electromagnetic wave?
a.
sound wave
c.
red light
b.
x-rays
d.
gamma rays
____ 34. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a compressional wave?
a.
wave moving through a coiled spring
b.
sound traveling through the air
c.
sound traveling through water
d.
green light traveling through the air
____ 35. Tsunamis have a large amount of energy because of their large ____.
a.
wavelength
c.
frequency
b.
amplitude
d.
diffraction
____ 36. Which one of the following determines the color of a light wave?
a.
amplitude only
c.
wavelength and frequency
b.
wavelength and amplitude
d.
interference patterns
____ 37. A place where molecules are far apart is a ____.
a.
refraction
c.
rarefaction
b.
reflection
d.
compression
____ 38. The speed of sound through air is about ____.
a.
340 m/s
c.
3,000,000 m/s
b.
2,000,000 m/s
d.
3,000,000 m/hour
____ 39. When light bounces off a surface it is called ____.
a.
reflection
c.
diffraction
b.
refraction
d.
interference
____ 40. In which one of the following cases will refraction occur?
a.
light traveling from air to glass
b.
light reflecting off of a mirror
c.
light bending around the corner of a door
d.
green light interfering with blue light
____ 41. Constructive interference occurs when waves meet ____.
a.
crest-to-crest and trough-to-trough
b.
crest-to-trough and crest-to-trough
c.
trough-to-crest and trough-to-crest
d.
crest-to-crest
____ 42. Waves can ____ when they move from one medium to another.
a.
disappear
c.
bend
b.
interfere
d.
split
____ 43. A(n) ____ wave DOES NOT need matter for energy transfer.
a.
electromagnetic
c.
compressional
b.
mechanical
d.
sound
____ 44. In a mechanical ____ wave, matter moves at a right angle to the wave direction.
a.
compressional
c.
light
b.
transverse
d.
electromagnetic
____ 45. The speed of sound in water is ____ the speed of sound in air.
a.
greater than
c.
equal to
b.
less than
d.
not greater than
____ 46. A region of spread-out particles in a compressional wave is called a(n) ____.
a.
compression
c.
interference
b.
rarefaction
d.
medium
____ 47. Waves can combine with each other; this is called ____.
a.
interference
c.
compression
b.
wave addition
d.
rarefaction
____ 48. Wave frequency is the ____ of waves passing a given point per second.
a.
amplitude
c.
speed
b.
wavelength
d.
number
____ 49. In a(n) ____ wave, matter moves back and forth in the same direction as the wave.
a.
compressional
c.
light
b.
transverse
d.
electromagnetic
____ 50. The action of a wave bouncing off a surface is called ____.
a.
rarefaction
c.
reflection
b.
refraction
d.
diffraction
____ 51. Amplitude reflects the amount of ____ in a wave.
a.
energy
c.
rarefaction
b.
compression
d.
speed
____ 52. A(n) ____ is the distance between a point on one wave and the identical point on the next wave.
a.
amplitude
c.
frequency
b.
wavelength
d.
compression
____ 53. The ____ of waves can change when the waves move from one medium to another.
a.
altitude
c.
speed
b.
amplitude
d.
compression
____ 54. A mechanical wave can travel only through ____.
a.
air
c.
matter
b.
water
d.
a vacuum
____ 55. The action of a wave bending around a barrier is called ____.
a.
reflection
c.
refraction
b.
diffraction
d.
rarefaction
____ 56. For significant ____ to occur, the wavelengths should match the size of the opening they are passing through.
a.
reflection
c.
refraction
b.
diffraction
d.
rarefaction
Completion
Complete each statement.
57. Waves are rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space without transferring ____________________.
58. Since sound is a mechanical wave it needs a ____________________ to travel through.
59. Waves that do not require matter to transfer energy are ____________________ waves.
60. ____________________ waves can be either transverse or compressional.
61. The less dense area of a compressional wave is called a(n) ____________________.
62. In a compressional wave, the amount of compression is like the ____________________ of a transverse wave.
63. The ____________________ is the unit of measure for the frequency of wavelengths per second.
64. Sound travels faster in ____________________ than in liquids.
65. An electromagnetic wave is slowed down if many ____________________ are in the medium.
66. Hertz can be described as ____________________.
67. The echo of a sound wave is due to ____________________ of the sound wave.
68. When light slows down as it passes from air to water it bends toward the ____________________.
69. The change in direction of waves when the wave travels from air to glass is ____________________.
70. Diffraction occurs when waves ____________________ around the edge of a barrier.
71. When two waves interact and their amplitudes cancel out, ____________________ interference has occurred.
72. Waves are ____________________ if they bounce off a surface.
73. Mechanical waves can be transverse or ____________________ waves.
74. The property of waves that allows them to bend around a barrier is ____________________.
75. Waves may bend if they move from one ____________________ to another.
76. Waves do not carry matter, but they do carry ____________________.
77. Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and ____________________ are four characteristics of waves that can change.
78. In visible light, color is an indication of ____________________.
79. The common name for the reflection of sound waves is an ____________________.
80. In a compressional wave, one wavelength is the distance between adjacent compressions or adjacent ____________________.
81. Light waves travel more ____________________ as they enter water.
82. When light is reflected from a rough surface, the reflected light ____________________, producing no image.
83. Waves ____________________ best when their wavelength is similar in size to the opening they are moving through.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
compressional wave
d.
mechanical wave
b.
electromagnetic wave
e.
transverse wave
c.
interference
____ 84. does not require a medium to travel through
____ 85. light waves and water waves are examples of this
____ 86. interaction of various different waves
____ 87. can be either transverse or compressional
____ 88. sound waves are an example of this
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
amplitude
d.
reflection
b.
diffraction
e.
refraction
c.
frequency
____ 89. the pitch of a sound wave
____ 90. why light shines off of a mirror
____ 91. related to the energy of a wave
____ 92. the changing of the speed of a wave
____ 93. the spreading out of waves around a barrier
Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
amplitude
j.
medium
b.
compression
k.
wave speed
c.
compressional wave
l.
rarefaction
d.
diffraction
m.
reflection
e.
electromagnetic wave
n.
refraction
f.
frequency
o.
transverse wave
g.
constructive interference
p.
wave
h.
destructive interference
q.
wavelength
i.
mechanical wave
____ 94. Squeezing a group of particles in a wave
____ 95. A transverse or compressional wave that can travel only through matter
____ 96. The matter through which a wave transfers energy
____ 97. A wave bends around a barrier
____ 98. A mechanical wave in which matter moves at right angles to the wave direction
____ 99. A wave in which matter moves back and forth in the direction the wave is moving
____ 100. A wave that doesn’t require matter to transfer energy
____ 101. A region of spread-out particles in a wave
____ 102. The distance from the crest or trough of a wave to the rest position
____ 103. The action of a wave bouncing off an object
____ 104. The number of waves passing a given point per second
____ 105. The product of wavelength and frequency
____ 106. A combination of waves form a smaller wave
____ 107. A combination of waves form a larger wave
____ 108. A rhythmic disturbance that carries energy
____ 109. A wave bends as it moves from one medium to another
____ 110. The distance between a point on a wave and the identical point on the next wave
Short Answer
111.
Explain how electromagnetic waves emitted by the sun affect you everyday.
112.
A boat in a lake is subjected to passing water waves. Describe the motion of the boat.
113.
Describe why you could not hear someone talk if you were both on the surface of the Moon.
114.
How can light travel from the Sun to Earth through the vacuum of space?
115.
How do your vocal cords produce sounds?
116.
Explain why a bright light differs from a dim light in terms of the amplitudes of each light wave.
117.
An instrument plays a pitch of 266 Hz. Another identical instrument plays a pitch of 400 Hz. How do the wavelength of each of these sound waves compare?
118.
Light that reflects off some surfaces can cause glare. Why don't all surfaces cause glare?
119.
A pencil is placed in a bucket of water. In some views, the pencil in the water will look bent when compared to the pencil above the water. Why is this so?
120.
Why is diffraction of light hard to detect?
121.
Describe how ear protectors help protect against hearing damage.
122. Study the following diagram. Then label the wave using the terms from the list.
amplitude
crest
trough
wavelength
123. Explain how the destructive interference of sound waves can help preserve hearing.
124. If the statement or term identifies a mechanical wave, list its letter under Mechanical Wave. If it identifies an electromagnetic wave, list its letter under Electromagnetic Wave. One or more terms might belong in both categories.
a. radio wave
d. visible light
g. transverse wave
b. sound wave
e. ocean wave
h. tidal wave
c. x rays
f. compressional wave
i. microwave
Mechanical Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
125. Compare and contrast transverse waves and compressional waves, and give an example of each type.
126. Calculate the wave speed of a 500-Hz wave with a wavelength of 0.5 m. First write the equation, then solve the problem, showing your work.
127. Assume that you hear a very low but very loud sound. What can you infer about the frequency and the amplitude of the sound waves you hear?
Problem
Figure 16-1
128. In Figure 16-1, what is the wavelength of Wave A?
129. In Figure 16-1, what is the wavelength of Wave B?
130. In Figure 16-1, what is the amplitude of Wave A.
131. In Figure 16-1, what is the amplitude of Wave B?
132. In Figure 16-1, which wave has the greater frequency?
133. In Figure 16-1, which wave has the least amount of energy?
134. When sunlight passes through a piece of glass known as a prism, the sunlight gets separated into the colors of the rainbow. Use the concept of refraction to explain how this occurs.
Essay
135.
Explain the differences and similarities between waves and particles.
Identify and explain what is responsible for each of the following effects.
136. You see a car behind you in the rearview mirror of your car.
137. You see a coin at the bottom of a fountain of water, but when you reach for it, it is in a different place than it appears to be.
138. You are in a cave with light coming in through a narrow crack in the ceiling. You can see a distinct beam of light on the floor, and you can see features of the cave illuminated by dim light.
139. Members of an orchestra tune their instruments before they begin to play. This produces a blast of confusing, disharmonious noise. When they begin to play in unison, the music from each instrument group is clear and loud. Explain these effects in terms of two types of interference.
6th Grade TEST - Chapter20 ONLINE REVIEW
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
2. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
5. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
6. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
7. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.1
8. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
9. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
10. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
11. ANS: T PTS: 1
12. ANS: F PTS: 1
13. ANS: F PTS: 1
14. ANS: F PTS: 1
15. ANS: T PTS: 1
16. ANS: F PTS: 1
17. ANS: F PTS: 1
18. ANS: T PTS: 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE
19. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
23. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
24. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
26. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
29. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
30. ANS: B PTS: 1
31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
33. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
34. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
35. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
36. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
37. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
38. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
39. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
40. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
41. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
42. ANS: C PTS: 1
43. ANS: A PTS: 1
44. ANS: B PTS: 1
45. ANS: A PTS: 1
46. ANS: B PTS: 1
47. ANS: A PTS: 1
48. ANS: D PTS: 1
49. ANS: A PTS: 1
50. ANS: C PTS: 1
51. ANS: A PTS: 1
52. ANS: B PTS: 1
53. ANS: C PTS: 1
54. ANS: C PTS: 1
55. ANS: B PTS: 1
56. ANS: B PTS: 1
COMPLETION
57. ANS: matter
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
58. ANS: medium
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
59. ANS: electromagnetic
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
60. ANS: Mechanical
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
61. ANS: rarefaction
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
62. ANS: amplitude
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
63. ANS: hertz
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
64. ANS: solids
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
65. ANS: atoms
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
66. ANS: waves per second
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
67. ANS: reflection
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
68. ANS: normal
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
69. ANS: refraction
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
70. ANS: bend
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
71. ANS: destructive
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
72. ANS: reflected
PTS: 1
73. ANS: compressional
PTS: 1
74. ANS: diffraction
PTS: 1
75. ANS: medium
PTS: 1
76. ANS: energy
PTS: 1
77. ANS: wave speed
PTS: 1
78. ANS: wavelength
PTS: 1
79. ANS: echo
PTS: 1
80. ANS: rarefactions
PTS: 1
81. ANS: slowly
PTS: 1
82. ANS: scatters
PTS: 1
83. ANS: diffract
PTS: 1
MATCHING
84. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
85. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
86. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
87. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
88. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
89. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
90. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
91. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
92. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
93. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
94. ANS: B PTS: 1
95. ANS: I PTS: 1
96. ANS: J PTS: 1
97. ANS: D PTS: 1
98. ANS: O PTS: 1
99. ANS: C PTS: 1
100. ANS: E PTS: 1
101. ANS: L PTS: 1
102. ANS: A PTS: 1
103. ANS: M PTS: 1
104. ANS: F PTS: 1
105. ANS: K PTS: 1
106. ANS: H PTS: 1
107. ANS: G PTS: 1
108. ANS: P PTS: 1
109. ANS: N PTS: 1
110. ANS: Q PTS: 1
SHORT ANSWER
111. ANS:
Electromagnetic waves carry radiant energy from the sun. Ninety two percent of the radiant energy from the sun is carried by infrared and invisible light waves. Infrared waves make you feel warm when you sit in the sun. Visible light rays let you see. Ultraviolet waves cause sunburn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
112. ANS:
The boat will bob up and down due to the crests and troughs of the water waves. The waves will not move the boat horizontally because waves do not move matter.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
113. ANS:
Since the moon has no air, sound cannot move from the person to you.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
114. ANS:
Since light is a type of electromagnetic wave, it does not require a medium through which to travel.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
115. ANS:
The vocal cords vibrate, causing air in your throat to vibrate.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
116. ANS:
The bright light has more energy (higher amplitude) than a dim light (lower amplitude).
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
117. ANS:
The wave with the lower pitch (266 Hz) will have the longer wavelength.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
118. ANS:
Some surfaces are rough. Light will reflect in many directions, not just in one main direction like off a smooth surface.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/3
119. ANS:
Light waves are refracted as the light travels from air to water. This causes a bending of light and therefore the apparent bending of the pencil.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's III OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
120. ANS:
The wavelength of light is so much smaller than the lengths of objects in our everyday life.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
121. ANS:
Ear protectors help absorb some of the energy of the sound wave, so that the amplitude of the sound waves reaching the ear is less.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
122. ANS:
1. trough
2. crest
3. wavelength
4. amplitude
PTS: 1
123. ANS:
Destructive interference of loud sound waves may reduce or even eliminate them. Loud sounds in the environment contribute to hearing loss.
PTS: 1
124. ANS:
Mechanical Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
__b__
__a__
__e__
__c__
__f__
__d__
__g__
__g__
__h__
__i__
PTS: 1
125. ANS:
In a transverse wave, matter in the medium moves back and forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels. Examples may include waves in a tethered rope, in water, or any electromagnetic wave. Accept any appropriate answer. In a compressional wave, matter in the medium moves back and forth in the direction the wave travels. Examples may include sound waves or waves along a coiled spring. Accept any appropriate answer.
PTS: 1
126. ANS:
Wave speed = wave frequency ´ wavelength
= 500 Hz · 0.5 m (or 500 waves/sec · 0.5 m/wave)
= 250 m/s
PTS: 1
127. ANS:
They are low frequency and large amplitude.
PTS: 1
PROBLEM
128. ANS:
8 m
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
129. ANS:
4 m
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
130. ANS:
5 m
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
131. ANS:
20 m
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
132. ANS:
Wave B
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
133. ANS:
Wave A, because it has the lowest amplitude.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
134. ANS:
As the sunlight goes from air to glass, the various colors change speed. The colors separate because each light color will have a different change of speed.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
ESSAY
135. ANS:
A wave is a disturbance. A particle is matter. Particles take up space and volume and they have an electrical charge. Waves have amplitude, wavelengths, and frequency. Waves move with a certain speed in a given material. The motion of both can be described by direction and speed. Both waves and particles can transfer energy from place to place.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
136. ANS:
Light is reflected off the car behind you. The reflected light is then again reflected off the rearview mirror, producing the image of the car.
PTS: 1
137. ANS:
Refraction produces the optical illusion. Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another, in this case, from air to water
PTS: 1
138. ANS:
Diffraction allows you to see objects outside the shaft of light. Diffraction is the bending of a wave around a barrier, in this case, the edges of the crack in the rock.
PTS: 1
139. ANS:
The simultaneous tuning of all of the instruments produces a great deal of destructive interference. Playing in unison produces largely constructive interference.
PTS: 1
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. Water waves can move a piece of cork floating on top of the water only in an up and down motion.
____ 2. Mechanical waves can travel in any type of medium.
____ 3. Radio waves are the only type of electromagnetic wave that is a transverse wave.
____ 4. Sound waves are compressional waves.
____ 5. The amplitude of a wave is the distance between a point on one wave and the identical point on the next wave.
____ 6. In general, the more energy a wave has the greater its amplitude.
____ 7. The speed of light depends on the medium it travels through.
____ 8. You can see yourself in a mirror because of the wave property called interference.
____ 9. Refraction occurs when the amplitude of a wave changes as it goes from one medium to another.
____ 10. You can hear sounds around the corner of a door due to the wave property called diffraction.
____ 11. High-pitched sounds have high frequencies, and low-pitched sounds wave low frequencies.
____ 12. Amplitude and frequency may vary in waves, but all waves travel at the same speed.
____ 13. Waves travel in straight lines and therefore cannot bend as they pass through a narrow opening.
____ 14. Mechanical waves transmit matter, while electromagnetic waves transmit energy.
____ 15. When you watch lightning, the light reaches you before the sound of the accompanying thunder because light travels faster than sound.
____ 16. Diffraction causes diamonds and other gems to sparkle.
____ 17. In a mechanical compressional wave, the wave energy causes the matter in the medium to move up and down or back and forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels.
____ 18. A group of molecules that are squeezed together is called a compression.
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 19. What is the best description of a wave?
a.
A wave transfers matter from one place to another.
b.
A wave transfers energy from one place to another.
c.
A wave transfers both energy and matter.
d.
A wave moves matter from one place to another.
____ 20. What kind of wave is created when an up and down motion of a rope produces right angles?
a.
compressional wave
b.
sound wave
c.
tranverse wave
d.
electromagnetic wave
____ 21. What kinds of waves do satellites use to transmit their locations to global positioning systems?
a.
electromagnetic radio waves
b.
infrared waves
c.
ultraviolet waves
d.
visible light waves
____ 22. What is the scientific term used to describe the amount of energy transferred by a wave?
a.
amplitude
b.
compression
c.
frequency
d.
vibration
____ 23. The school band is practicing their scales. As the pitch and frequency of the notes increases, what happens to the wavelength of the notes?
a.
The wavelength increases.
b.
The wavelength decreases then increases.
c.
The wavelength stays the same.
d.
The wavelength decreases.
____ 24. From the information on the chart, what can you conclude about the way sound travels?
a.
Sound waves travel faster as the temperature decreases.
b.
Sound waves travel more slowly through air.
c.
Sound waves travel faster as the temperature increases.
d.
Sound waves travel at a constant speed in all temperatures.
____ 25.
What kind of sound is an echo?
a.
diffraction
b.
reflection
c.
refraction
d.
vibration
____ 26. When the band is practicing in the music room, you can hear the music as it passes through the hallway. What property of sound does this example describe?
a.
amplification
b.
diffraction
c.
refraction
d.
vibration
____ 27. What happens when two waves meet?
a.
They collide and change direction.
b.
They collide and continue moving.
c.
They pass through each other and continue moving.
d.
They crash together and form a tsunami.
____ 28. When two waves overlap, they combine to form a new wave. What is this characteristic called?
a.
crest
b.
diffraction
c.
interference
d.
trough
____ 29. You are giving a presentation in science class about sound. You describe how the noise produced by the motor of a lawn mower hurts your ears.What term would you use to explain the way that you would reduce the noise of the mower?
a.
constructive interference
b.
destructive interference
c.
reflected sound
d.
refracted sound
____ 30. What kind of a wave travels along the coils of a spring?
a.
amplitude
b.
compressional
c.
frequency
d.
transverse
____ 31. The electromagnetic spectrum shows the range of electromagnetic waves. The wavelengths decrease at the bottom of the spectrum and increase at the top. What is the explanation for the range of wavelengths?
a.
Each wavelength is a different distance from the sun.
b.
Each wavelength has a different amplitude of vibration.
c.
Each wavelength has a different level of refraction.
d.
Each wavelength has a different frequency.
____ 32. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a mechanical wave?
a.
sound wave
c.
earthquake wave
b.
water wave
d.
radio wave
____ 33. Which one of the following is NOT an example of an electromagnetic wave?
a.
sound wave
c.
red light
b.
x-rays
d.
gamma rays
____ 34. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a compressional wave?
a.
wave moving through a coiled spring
b.
sound traveling through the air
c.
sound traveling through water
d.
green light traveling through the air
____ 35. Tsunamis have a large amount of energy because of their large ____.
a.
wavelength
c.
frequency
b.
amplitude
d.
diffraction
____ 36. Which one of the following determines the color of a light wave?
a.
amplitude only
c.
wavelength and frequency
b.
wavelength and amplitude
d.
interference patterns
____ 37. A place where molecules are far apart is a ____.
a.
refraction
c.
rarefaction
b.
reflection
d.
compression
____ 38. The speed of sound through air is about ____.
a.
340 m/s
c.
3,000,000 m/s
b.
2,000,000 m/s
d.
3,000,000 m/hour
____ 39. When light bounces off a surface it is called ____.
a.
reflection
c.
diffraction
b.
refraction
d.
interference
____ 40. In which one of the following cases will refraction occur?
a.
light traveling from air to glass
b.
light reflecting off of a mirror
c.
light bending around the corner of a door
d.
green light interfering with blue light
____ 41. Constructive interference occurs when waves meet ____.
a.
crest-to-crest and trough-to-trough
b.
crest-to-trough and crest-to-trough
c.
trough-to-crest and trough-to-crest
d.
crest-to-crest
____ 42. Waves can ____ when they move from one medium to another.
a.
disappear
c.
bend
b.
interfere
d.
split
____ 43. A(n) ____ wave DOES NOT need matter for energy transfer.
a.
electromagnetic
c.
compressional
b.
mechanical
d.
sound
____ 44. In a mechanical ____ wave, matter moves at a right angle to the wave direction.
a.
compressional
c.
light
b.
transverse
d.
electromagnetic
____ 45. The speed of sound in water is ____ the speed of sound in air.
a.
greater than
c.
equal to
b.
less than
d.
not greater than
____ 46. A region of spread-out particles in a compressional wave is called a(n) ____.
a.
compression
c.
interference
b.
rarefaction
d.
medium
____ 47. Waves can combine with each other; this is called ____.
a.
interference
c.
compression
b.
wave addition
d.
rarefaction
____ 48. Wave frequency is the ____ of waves passing a given point per second.
a.
amplitude
c.
speed
b.
wavelength
d.
number
____ 49. In a(n) ____ wave, matter moves back and forth in the same direction as the wave.
a.
compressional
c.
light
b.
transverse
d.
electromagnetic
____ 50. The action of a wave bouncing off a surface is called ____.
a.
rarefaction
c.
reflection
b.
refraction
d.
diffraction
____ 51. Amplitude reflects the amount of ____ in a wave.
a.
energy
c.
rarefaction
b.
compression
d.
speed
____ 52. A(n) ____ is the distance between a point on one wave and the identical point on the next wave.
a.
amplitude
c.
frequency
b.
wavelength
d.
compression
____ 53. The ____ of waves can change when the waves move from one medium to another.
a.
altitude
c.
speed
b.
amplitude
d.
compression
____ 54. A mechanical wave can travel only through ____.
a.
air
c.
matter
b.
water
d.
a vacuum
____ 55. The action of a wave bending around a barrier is called ____.
a.
reflection
c.
refraction
b.
diffraction
d.
rarefaction
____ 56. For significant ____ to occur, the wavelengths should match the size of the opening they are passing through.
a.
reflection
c.
refraction
b.
diffraction
d.
rarefaction
Completion
Complete each statement.
57. Waves are rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter or space without transferring ____________________.
58. Since sound is a mechanical wave it needs a ____________________ to travel through.
59. Waves that do not require matter to transfer energy are ____________________ waves.
60. ____________________ waves can be either transverse or compressional.
61. The less dense area of a compressional wave is called a(n) ____________________.
62. In a compressional wave, the amount of compression is like the ____________________ of a transverse wave.
63. The ____________________ is the unit of measure for the frequency of wavelengths per second.
64. Sound travels faster in ____________________ than in liquids.
65. An electromagnetic wave is slowed down if many ____________________ are in the medium.
66. Hertz can be described as ____________________.
67. The echo of a sound wave is due to ____________________ of the sound wave.
68. When light slows down as it passes from air to water it bends toward the ____________________.
69. The change in direction of waves when the wave travels from air to glass is ____________________.
70. Diffraction occurs when waves ____________________ around the edge of a barrier.
71. When two waves interact and their amplitudes cancel out, ____________________ interference has occurred.
72. Waves are ____________________ if they bounce off a surface.
73. Mechanical waves can be transverse or ____________________ waves.
74. The property of waves that allows them to bend around a barrier is ____________________.
75. Waves may bend if they move from one ____________________ to another.
76. Waves do not carry matter, but they do carry ____________________.
77. Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and ____________________ are four characteristics of waves that can change.
78. In visible light, color is an indication of ____________________.
79. The common name for the reflection of sound waves is an ____________________.
80. In a compressional wave, one wavelength is the distance between adjacent compressions or adjacent ____________________.
81. Light waves travel more ____________________ as they enter water.
82. When light is reflected from a rough surface, the reflected light ____________________, producing no image.
83. Waves ____________________ best when their wavelength is similar in size to the opening they are moving through.
Matching
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
compressional wave
d.
mechanical wave
b.
electromagnetic wave
e.
transverse wave
c.
interference
____ 84. does not require a medium to travel through
____ 85. light waves and water waves are examples of this
____ 86. interaction of various different waves
____ 87. can be either transverse or compressional
____ 88. sound waves are an example of this
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
amplitude
d.
reflection
b.
diffraction
e.
refraction
c.
frequency
____ 89. the pitch of a sound wave
____ 90. why light shines off of a mirror
____ 91. related to the energy of a wave
____ 92. the changing of the speed of a wave
____ 93. the spreading out of waves around a barrier
Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
amplitude
j.
medium
b.
compression
k.
wave speed
c.
compressional wave
l.
rarefaction
d.
diffraction
m.
reflection
e.
electromagnetic wave
n.
refraction
f.
frequency
o.
transverse wave
g.
constructive interference
p.
wave
h.
destructive interference
q.
wavelength
i.
mechanical wave
____ 94. Squeezing a group of particles in a wave
____ 95. A transverse or compressional wave that can travel only through matter
____ 96. The matter through which a wave transfers energy
____ 97. A wave bends around a barrier
____ 98. A mechanical wave in which matter moves at right angles to the wave direction
____ 99. A wave in which matter moves back and forth in the direction the wave is moving
____ 100. A wave that doesn’t require matter to transfer energy
____ 101. A region of spread-out particles in a wave
____ 102. The distance from the crest or trough of a wave to the rest position
____ 103. The action of a wave bouncing off an object
____ 104. The number of waves passing a given point per second
____ 105. The product of wavelength and frequency
____ 106. A combination of waves form a smaller wave
____ 107. A combination of waves form a larger wave
____ 108. A rhythmic disturbance that carries energy
____ 109. A wave bends as it moves from one medium to another
____ 110. The distance between a point on a wave and the identical point on the next wave
Short Answer
111.
Explain how electromagnetic waves emitted by the sun affect you everyday.
112.
A boat in a lake is subjected to passing water waves. Describe the motion of the boat.
113.
Describe why you could not hear someone talk if you were both on the surface of the Moon.
114.
How can light travel from the Sun to Earth through the vacuum of space?
115.
How do your vocal cords produce sounds?
116.
Explain why a bright light differs from a dim light in terms of the amplitudes of each light wave.
117.
An instrument plays a pitch of 266 Hz. Another identical instrument plays a pitch of 400 Hz. How do the wavelength of each of these sound waves compare?
118.
Light that reflects off some surfaces can cause glare. Why don't all surfaces cause glare?
119.
A pencil is placed in a bucket of water. In some views, the pencil in the water will look bent when compared to the pencil above the water. Why is this so?
120.
Why is diffraction of light hard to detect?
121.
Describe how ear protectors help protect against hearing damage.
122. Study the following diagram. Then label the wave using the terms from the list.
amplitude
crest
trough
wavelength
123. Explain how the destructive interference of sound waves can help preserve hearing.
124. If the statement or term identifies a mechanical wave, list its letter under Mechanical Wave. If it identifies an electromagnetic wave, list its letter under Electromagnetic Wave. One or more terms might belong in both categories.
a. radio wave
d. visible light
g. transverse wave
b. sound wave
e. ocean wave
h. tidal wave
c. x rays
f. compressional wave
i. microwave
Mechanical Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
125. Compare and contrast transverse waves and compressional waves, and give an example of each type.
126. Calculate the wave speed of a 500-Hz wave with a wavelength of 0.5 m. First write the equation, then solve the problem, showing your work.
127. Assume that you hear a very low but very loud sound. What can you infer about the frequency and the amplitude of the sound waves you hear?
Problem
Figure 16-1
128. In Figure 16-1, what is the wavelength of Wave A?
129. In Figure 16-1, what is the wavelength of Wave B?
130. In Figure 16-1, what is the amplitude of Wave A.
131. In Figure 16-1, what is the amplitude of Wave B?
132. In Figure 16-1, which wave has the greater frequency?
133. In Figure 16-1, which wave has the least amount of energy?
134. When sunlight passes through a piece of glass known as a prism, the sunlight gets separated into the colors of the rainbow. Use the concept of refraction to explain how this occurs.
Essay
135.
Explain the differences and similarities between waves and particles.
Identify and explain what is responsible for each of the following effects.
136. You see a car behind you in the rearview mirror of your car.
137. You see a coin at the bottom of a fountain of water, but when you reach for it, it is in a different place than it appears to be.
138. You are in a cave with light coming in through a narrow crack in the ceiling. You can see a distinct beam of light on the floor, and you can see features of the cave illuminated by dim light.
139. Members of an orchestra tune their instruments before they begin to play. This produces a blast of confusing, disharmonious noise. When they begin to play in unison, the music from each instrument group is clear and loud. Explain these effects in terms of two types of interference.
6th Grade TEST - Chapter20 ONLINE REVIEW
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
2. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
5. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
6. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
7. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.1
8. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
9. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
10. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
11. ANS: T PTS: 1
12. ANS: F PTS: 1
13. ANS: F PTS: 1
14. ANS: F PTS: 1
15. ANS: T PTS: 1
16. ANS: F PTS: 1
17. ANS: F PTS: 1
18. ANS: T PTS: 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE
19. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
23. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
24. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
25. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
26. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
29. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
30. ANS: B PTS: 1
31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
33. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
34. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
35. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
36. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
37. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
38. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
39. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
40. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
41. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
42. ANS: C PTS: 1
43. ANS: A PTS: 1
44. ANS: B PTS: 1
45. ANS: A PTS: 1
46. ANS: B PTS: 1
47. ANS: A PTS: 1
48. ANS: D PTS: 1
49. ANS: A PTS: 1
50. ANS: C PTS: 1
51. ANS: A PTS: 1
52. ANS: B PTS: 1
53. ANS: C PTS: 1
54. ANS: C PTS: 1
55. ANS: B PTS: 1
56. ANS: B PTS: 1
COMPLETION
57. ANS: matter
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
58. ANS: medium
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
59. ANS: electromagnetic
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
60. ANS: Mechanical
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
61. ANS: rarefaction
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
62. ANS: amplitude
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
63. ANS: hertz
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
64. ANS: solids
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
65. ANS: atoms
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
66. ANS: waves per second
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
67. ANS: reflection
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
68. ANS: normal
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
69. ANS: refraction
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
70. ANS: bend
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
71. ANS: destructive
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
72. ANS: reflected
PTS: 1
73. ANS: compressional
PTS: 1
74. ANS: diffraction
PTS: 1
75. ANS: medium
PTS: 1
76. ANS: energy
PTS: 1
77. ANS: wave speed
PTS: 1
78. ANS: wavelength
PTS: 1
79. ANS: echo
PTS: 1
80. ANS: rarefactions
PTS: 1
81. ANS: slowly
PTS: 1
82. ANS: scatters
PTS: 1
83. ANS: diffract
PTS: 1
MATCHING
84. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
85. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
86. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
87. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
88. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
89. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
90. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
91. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
92. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
93. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 7/3
STA: SC.B.1.3.6
94. ANS: B PTS: 1
95. ANS: I PTS: 1
96. ANS: J PTS: 1
97. ANS: D PTS: 1
98. ANS: O PTS: 1
99. ANS: C PTS: 1
100. ANS: E PTS: 1
101. ANS: L PTS: 1
102. ANS: A PTS: 1
103. ANS: M PTS: 1
104. ANS: F PTS: 1
105. ANS: K PTS: 1
106. ANS: H PTS: 1
107. ANS: G PTS: 1
108. ANS: P PTS: 1
109. ANS: N PTS: 1
110. ANS: Q PTS: 1
SHORT ANSWER
111. ANS:
Electromagnetic waves carry radiant energy from the sun. Ninety two percent of the radiant energy from the sun is carried by infrared and invisible light waves. Infrared waves make you feel warm when you sit in the sun. Visible light rays let you see. Ultraviolet waves cause sunburn.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
112. ANS:
The boat will bob up and down due to the crests and troughs of the water waves. The waves will not move the boat horizontally because waves do not move matter.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
113. ANS:
Since the moon has no air, sound cannot move from the person to you.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
114. ANS:
Since light is a type of electromagnetic wave, it does not require a medium through which to travel.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
115. ANS:
The vocal cords vibrate, causing air in your throat to vibrate.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
116. ANS:
The bright light has more energy (higher amplitude) than a dim light (lower amplitude).
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
117. ANS:
The wave with the lower pitch (266 Hz) will have the longer wavelength.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
118. ANS:
Some surfaces are rough. Light will reflect in many directions, not just in one main direction like off a smooth surface.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/3
119. ANS:
Light waves are refracted as the light travels from air to water. This causes a bending of light and therefore the apparent bending of the pencil.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's III OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
120. ANS:
The wavelength of light is so much smaller than the lengths of objects in our everyday life.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
121. ANS:
Ear protectors help absorb some of the energy of the sound wave, so that the amplitude of the sound waves reaching the ear is less.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 7/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
122. ANS:
1. trough
2. crest
3. wavelength
4. amplitude
PTS: 1
123. ANS:
Destructive interference of loud sound waves may reduce or even eliminate them. Loud sounds in the environment contribute to hearing loss.
PTS: 1
124. ANS:
Mechanical Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
__b__
__a__
__e__
__c__
__f__
__d__
__g__
__g__
__h__
__i__
PTS: 1
125. ANS:
In a transverse wave, matter in the medium moves back and forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels. Examples may include waves in a tethered rope, in water, or any electromagnetic wave. Accept any appropriate answer. In a compressional wave, matter in the medium moves back and forth in the direction the wave travels. Examples may include sound waves or waves along a coiled spring. Accept any appropriate answer.
PTS: 1
126. ANS:
Wave speed = wave frequency ´ wavelength
= 500 Hz · 0.5 m (or 500 waves/sec · 0.5 m/wave)
= 250 m/s
PTS: 1
127. ANS:
They are low frequency and large amplitude.
PTS: 1
PROBLEM
128. ANS:
8 m
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
129. ANS:
4 m
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
130. ANS:
5 m
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
131. ANS:
20 m
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
132. ANS:
Wave B
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
133. ANS:
Wave A, because it has the lowest amplitude.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
134. ANS:
As the sunlight goes from air to glass, the various colors change speed. The colors separate because each light color will have a different change of speed.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.B.1.3.6
ESSAY
135. ANS:
A wave is a disturbance. A particle is matter. Particles take up space and volume and they have an electrical charge. Waves have amplitude, wavelengths, and frequency. Waves move with a certain speed in a given material. The motion of both can be described by direction and speed. Both waves and particles can transfer energy from place to place.
PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II
136. ANS:
Light is reflected off the car behind you. The reflected light is then again reflected off the rearview mirror, producing the image of the car.
PTS: 1
137. ANS:
Refraction produces the optical illusion. Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another, in this case, from air to water
PTS: 1
138. ANS:
Diffraction allows you to see objects outside the shaft of light. Diffraction is the bending of a wave around a barrier, in this case, the edges of the crack in the rock.
PTS: 1
139. ANS:
The simultaneous tuning of all of the instruments produces a great deal of destructive interference. Playing in unison produces largely constructive interference.
PTS: 1
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