6th Grade- Chapter 1 Online Study

6th Grade - CH 1 ONLINE STUDY

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. A scientific law is an explanation of things or events based on observations.

____ 2. The theory that living things come only from other living things is called biogenesis.

____ 3. A theory is the same as a hypothesis.

____ 4. Pasteur showed that living things do not come from nonliving materials.

____ 5. All the changes that organisms undergo as they grow are called growth.

____ 6. Spontaneous generation is the evolutionary history of an organism.

____ 7. A variable is the factor that is tested in an experiment.

____ 8. A stimulus causes a change or response in an organism.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 9. What is NOT a way that scientists would use to solve problems?
a.
analyze data
b.
ask questions
c.
make guesses
d.
perform experiments


____ 10. Anthony wants to see if plant food would make his roses grow better. On one side of the garden, he uses plant food. On the other side, he does not use plant food. What is the variable in his experiment?
a.
the brand of plant food used
b.
the type of soil used to grow the roses
c.
which roses receive plant food
d.
what type of roses the gardener grows


____ 11. What evidence do scientists use to form conclusions about their experiments?
a.
data and observations
b.
newspaper articles
c.
old scientific theories
d.
people’s opinions


____ 12. What is a scientific theory?
a.
An explanation of things or events based on opinion.
b.
An explanation of things or events based on estimated guesses.
c.
An explanation of things or events based on a rejected hypothesis.
d.
An explanation of things or events based on knowledge.


____ 13. What is the best explanation of a scientific law?
a.
A statement about how things work in nature that seems to be true some of the time.
b.
A statement about how things work in nature that seems to be true all of the time.
c.
A statement about how things work in nature that needs to be proved with further experiments.
d.
A statement about how things work in nature that seems to be based on many opinions.


____ 14. This chart shows part of the international system of units. Amy buys a candy bar. On the candy’s wrapper it says “39 g.”
According to the chart, what does 39 g measure?
a.
liter
b.
kilogram
c.
mass
d.
volume


____ 15. What term is used to describe any living thing?
a.
biogenesis
b.
cell
c.
organism
d.
reproduction


____ 16. Who hypothesized that ammonia, hydrogen, methane, and water vapor in Earth’s early atmosphere could have combined to form the more complex compounds found in living things?
a.
Stanley Miller
b.
John Needham
c.
Alexander Oparin
d.
Louis Pasteur


____ 17. Lee is studying Antarctica. She makes this chart about the king penguin, one of the animals that lives in this harsh environment.
What does the genus of the king penguin tell her?
a.
Genus tells who discovered the animal.
b.
Genus explains the location the animal was discovered.
c.
Genus is a group of similar species.
d.
Genus describes what kind of food the penguin eats.


____ 18. Which scientist developed a new system of grouping organisms in the late eighteenth century?
a.
Sir Isaac Newton
b.
Carolus Linnaeus
c.
Louis Pasteur
d.
Harold Urey


____ 19. When an animal is hungry, it eats food. When it is thirsty, it drinks water. When it is cold, it seeks a warmer temperature. Which trait displayed by all living things do these examples represent?
a.
biogenesis
b.
classification
c.
homeostasis
d.
variable


____ 20. Marina reads that polar bears rely on polynyas for survival. Polynyas are areas of ocean surrounded by ice that remain open throughout the year. This ice-free water is rich in plant and animal life. Polar bears live on the surrounding ice and use sea ice platforms to hunt seals. Marina learns that polar bears require what basic needs for survival?
a.
a place to live and raw materials
b.
ice on land where they can live
c.
large ice platforms in the sea
d.
sea water rich in plants and animals


____ 21. Sylvia imagines that she is a scientist living in the eighteenth century. She observes many earthworms on the ground after a rain storm. She concludes that the earthworms must have fallen from the sky during the storm. On what scientific theory is she basing her conclusion?
a.
biogenesis
b.
Miller’s Theory
c.
Oparin’s Hypothesis
d.
spontaneous generation


____ 22. What type of field guide would be the easiest and most efficient to use?
a.
encyclopedia with phylum names only
b.
dichotomous key
c.
Aristotle system
d.
encyclopedia with species names only


____ 23. Which is NOT a function of a dichotomous key?
a.
avoid errors in communication
b.
organisms with similar evolutionary histories are classified together
c.
give descriptive information
d.
more difficult to find and identify species


____ 24. The first name of the organism's scientific name is the ____.
a.
species
c.
genus
b.
family
d.
order


____ 25. Scientific names of organisms consist of ____.
a.
genus and specific name
c.
family and genus
b.
order and family
d.
class and order


____ 26. The classification system most commonly used today separates organisms into ____ kingdoms.
a.
three
c.
five
b.
four
d.
six


____ 27. Of the following, which would NOT be grouped with the others?
a.
blue jeans
c.
sweat pants
b.
shorts
d.
sweatshirt


____ 28. Dichotomous keys are divided into steps with ____ descriptions at each step.
a.
two
c.
five
b.
three
d.
four


____ 29. Linnaeus's system gave how many names to each organism?
a.
two
c.
one
b.
three
d.
four


____ 30. If you know an insect is a butterfly but don't know its scientific name, it would be best to use a(n) ____ to find out.
a.
dictionary
c.
biology textbook
b.
encyclopedia
d.
dichotomous key


____ 31. The theory that living things come only from other living things is called ____.
a.
adaptation
c.
spontaneous generation
b.
biogenesis
d.
homeostasis


____ 32. The belief that living things come from nonliving things is called ____.
a.
biogenesis
c.
homeostasis
b.
respiration
d.
spontaneous generation


____ 33. To solve a problem, scientists follow a series of steps called ____.
a.
a dichotomous key
c.
classifications
b.
scientific methods
d.
Systems or Units


____ 34. Growth of many-celled organisms is mostly due to an increase in the ____ of cells.
a.
size
c.
number
b.
protons
d.
all of the above


____ 35. Babies laughing at four months is an example of ____.
a.
adaptation
c.
growth
b.
development
d.
respiration


____ 36. An organism’s ability to maintain a steady condition is called ____.
a.
biogenesis
c.
osmosis
b.
homeostasis
d.
respiration


____ 37. Linnaeus’s major contribution to organism classification was ____.
a.
a six-kingdom system
c.
grouping kingdoms and phylums
b.
binomial nomenclature
d.
grouping by class, order, and family


____ 38. The first word of an organism’s scientific name is the ____.
a.
class
c.
kingdom
b.
genus
d.
species


____ 39. Most living things are made up of more than ____ percent water.
a.
80
c.
60
b.
50
d.
70


____ 40. The idea that living things come from nonliving things is called ____.
a.
adaptation
c.
homeostasis
b.
biogenesis
d.
spontaneous generation


____ 41. The doctor who showed that maggots hatch from eggs that flies lay on meat, and not from the meat itself, was ____.
a.
Pasteur
c.
Spallanzani
b.
Redi
d.
van Helmont


____ 42. In the late 1700s, ____ designed an experiment to show that tiny organisms come from other tiny organisms in the air.
a.
Miller
c.
Redi
b.
Oparin
d.
Spallanzani


____ 43. The theory that living things come only from living things is called ____.
a.
biogenesis
c.
ecology
b.
development
d.
spontaneous generation


____ 44. A detailed list of identifying characteristics that includes scientific names is called a ____.
a.
domain
c.
field guide
b.
dichotomous key
d.
phylum


____ 45. ____ experiment showed that substances present in living things could be made from nonliving things in the environment.
a.
Miller’s
c.
Redi’s
b.
Pasteur’s
d.
Van Helmont’s


____ 46. A ____ is a prediction that can be tested.
a.
hypothesis
c.
theory
b.
scientific law
d.
variable


____ 47. A(n) ____ is an explanation of things or events based on many observations.
a.
control
c.
hypothesis
b.
experiment
d.
theory


____ 48. The SI unit of mass is the ____.
a.
cubic meter
c.
liter
b.
kilogram
d.
meter


____ 49. All of the following EXCEPT ____ are SI units.
a.
kilometer
c.
gram
b.
inch
d.
tonne


Completion
Complete each statement.

50. The theory that living things come only from other living things is known as ____________________.

51. A two-word name used to classify living things is ______________________________.

52. Anything an organism responds to is a(n) ____________________.

53. The ability to remain stable is called ____________________.

54. The smallest units of life are known as ____________________.

55. Another term for living things is ____________________.

56. The reaction of an organism to a stimulus is called a ____________________.

57. The ____________________ of an organism is its evolutionary history.

58. The ____________________ in an experiment is the standard used to compare with the outcome.

Unscramble the letters to form the correct word for each definition.

59. smirsogna—living things ____________________

60. clesl—smallest units carrying on life functions ____________________

61. nobimali nmclaoenture—naming system developed by Linnaeus _________________________

62. gomnikd—the first and largest category in the classification used today ____________________

63. wal—a statement about how things work in nature ____________________

64. shamestoiso—ability to maintain a steady condition ____________________

65. ynyhpolge—history of how an organism has changed over time ____________________

66. snuge—groups of similar species ____________________

67. stenopausno reonigtean—the idea that living things come from nonliving things _________________________

68. snibgiesoe—idea that living things come only from other living things ____________________

69. ceitsniicf demstoh—organized steps to solve a problem ____________________

70. spetysohih—prediction that can be tested ____________________

71. bavelria —what is being tested in an experiment ____________________

72. lortnoc—standard used to compare the test materials ____________________

73. royeht—an explanation based on many observations ____________________

Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below. Some terms may not be used.

law
critical thinking
measurement
botany
volume
experiment


74. ____________________ is a process that uses certain skills to solve problems.

75. A scientific ____________________ is a rule that tells us how nature works.

76. The International System of Units (SI) is a system of ____________________.

77. To measure the ____________________ of a small amount of liquid, you might use a graduated cylinder.

78. Scientists often perform a(n) ____________________ to test a hypothesis under controlled conditions.

79. People once believed that living things came from nonliving matter, an idea called _________________________.

80. Redi’s experiment showed that ____________________ hatch from eggs of flies, not from meat.

81. An experiment by Pasteur showed that living things do not come from ____________________ things.

82. The theory of ____________________ replaced the theory of spontaneous generation.

83. Oparin’s hypothesis suggested that early Earth’s atmosphere lacked ____________________.

84. Miller and Urey showed that substances in ____________________ things could be made from nonliving things in the environment.

Matching

Match each item with the correct description. Some items may not be used.
a.
adaptation
h.
organism
b.
biogenesis
i.
response
c.
cell
j.
scientific methods
d.
control
k.
stimulus
e.
development
l.
theory
f.
homeostasis
m.
variable
g.
life span



____ 85. living thing

____ 86. smallest unit of organisms that carries on life functions

____ 87. changes that living things undergo as they grow

____ 88. anything an organism reacts to

____ 89. reaction of an organism to a stimulus

____ 90. characteristic of an organism that helps it to survive in its environment

____ 91. organized problem-solving procedure in science

____ 92. what is being tested in an experiment

____ 93. standard to which the outcome of a test is compared

____ 94. the maintenance of steady conditions inside an organism

Short Answer

95.
Explain the difference between spontaneous generation and biogenesis.

96.
What are the needs of living things?

97.
Where do organisms get energy?

98.
What is a hypothesis?

99.
What is a variable?

100.
What do the trees Tsuga canadensis and Tsuga caroliniana have in common?

101.
Which of Aristotle's concepts are still in use in classification systems today?

102.
You are an American scientist working with Chinese scientists to protect the endangered giant panda. As you can't speak or write Chinese, how do you make sure that your coworkers and you are working on the same animal?

103.
Why do organisms need food?

104.
What is Linnaeus's most important contribution to biology?

105.
Oparin suggested that the atmosphere of early Earth was made up of what gases?

106.
What are cells?

107.
Why is water essential to living things?

108.
Why did people believe that rain brought earthworms?

109.
What term refers to the length of time an organism is expected to live?

110.
What SI unit measures how much juice is in a bottle?

111.
Explain how results that show a hypothesis to be wrong are just as important as results that show a hypothesis to be correct.

112.
How can you tell whether a rock is a living thing?

113.
Group the items listed into two groups and explain why they are grouped that way: bats, fish, eagles, dolphins, butterflies, tadpoles, sparrows, water snakes.

114.
What are the four basic functions that scientific names serve?

115.
Choose an animal that you are familiar with, such as a dog or a cat, and list characteristics you could use to identify the animal in a dichotomous key.

116.
List the five features that describe living things.

117. List the units a scientist would probably use to measure the following examples.
a. length of a room
b. large distances
c. weight of a bag of flour
d. weight of a pencil
e. temperature of a sick child
f. volume of milk

118. Describe the characteristics of living things.

119. How do living and nonliving things interact in the environment?

Answer the following questions using the scientific names for trees listed below.

Pinus banksiana
Pinus contorta
Pinus resinosa
Pinus virginiana


120. What do the trees have in common?

121. What can you infer is the common name for this type of tree?

122. Where might you expect to find Pinus virginiana in abundance?

123. Using the dichotomous key, identify the following species.



Dichotomous Key to Animal Tracks
1.
a.
toe print separate from sole print, go to 2

b.
toe print attached to sole print, go to 3
2.
a.
toes with long claws, Mephitis mephitis (skunk)

b.
toes with short claws, Mustela vison (mink)
3.
a.
regular-shaped toes, go to 4

b.
irregular-shaped toes, Didelphis virginiana (opossum)
4.
a.
hind toes webbed, Castor canadensis (beaver)

b.
hind toes not webbed, Marmota monax (woodchuck)


124. List five characteristics of living things.

125. List the steps usually followed in scientific methods.

Essay

126.
Explain Oparin’s Hypothesis. Was it ever tested by other scientists?

127. Explain how Pasteur’s experiments showed that living things do not come from nonliving things.

128. Summarize Oparin’s hypothesis and how it was tested.
6th Grade - CH 1 ONLINE STUDY
Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1

2. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3

3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1

4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
STA: SC.H.3.3.5

5. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.F.1.3.1

6. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3

7. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.5

8. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.5

MULTIPLE CHOICE

9. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.H.1.3.4

10. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.2 SC.H.1.3.5

11. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.H.1.3.4

12. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.H.1.3.1 SC.H.3.3.6

13. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
STA: SC.H.1.3.1 SC.H.2.3.1 SC.H.3.3.6

14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II

15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.G.1.3.3

16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I
STA: SC.G.1.3.4 SC.H.1.3.6 SC.H.3.3.5

17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.G.1.3.3

18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.G.1.3.3 SC.H.3.3.5

19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.G.1.3.4

20. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.G.1.3.4

21. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.1

22. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 10/4
STA: SC.H.1.3.4 SC.H.1.3.5

23. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 10/4
STA: SC.H.1.3.4 SC.H.1.3.5

24. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 9/4
STA: SC.G.1.3.3

25. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 9/4
STA: SC.G.1.3.3

26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 9/4
STA: SC.G.1.3.3 SC.H.1.3.5

27. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 8/4
STA: SC.G.1.3.3 SC.H.1.3.5

28. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 10/4
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

29. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 8/4
STA: SC.H.1.3.4 SC.G.1.3.3

30. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 10/4
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3

32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3

33. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

34. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.F.1.3.1

35. ANS: B PTS: 1

36. ANS: B PTS: 1

37. ANS: B PTS: 1

38. ANS: B PTS: 1

39. ANS: B PTS: 1

40. ANS: D PTS: 1

41. ANS: B PTS: 1

42. ANS: D PTS: 1

43. ANS: A PTS: 1

44. ANS: B PTS: 1

45. ANS: A PTS: 1

46. ANS: A PTS: 1

47. ANS: D PTS: 1

48. ANS: B PTS: 1

49. ANS: B PTS: 1

COMPLETION

50. ANS: biogenesis

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3

51. ANS: binomial nomenclature

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 9/4 STA: SC.G.1.3.3

52. ANS: stimulus

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.F.1.3.7

53. ANS: homeostasis

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.F.1.3.1

54. ANS: cells

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.F.1.3.1

55. ANS: organisms

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.G.1.3.3

56. ANS: response

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.F.1.3.7

57. ANS: phylogeny

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 8/4 STA: SC.G.1.3.3

58. ANS: control

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.H.1.3.5

59. ANS: organisms

PTS: 1

60. ANS: cells

PTS: 1

61. ANS: binomial nomenclature

PTS: 1

62. ANS: kingdom

PTS: 1

63. ANS: law

PTS: 1

64. ANS: homeostasis

PTS: 1

65. ANS: phylogeny

PTS: 1

66. ANS: genus

PTS: 1

67. ANS: spontaneous generation

PTS: 1

68. ANS: biogenesis

PTS: 1

69. ANS: scientific methods

PTS: 1

70. ANS: hypothesis

PTS: 1

71. ANS: variable

PTS: 1

72. ANS: control

PTS: 1

73. ANS: theory

PTS: 1

74. ANS: Critical thinking

PTS: 1

75. ANS: law

PTS: 1

76. ANS: measurement

PTS: 1

77. ANS: volume

PTS: 1

78. ANS: experiment

PTS: 1

79. ANS: spontaneous generation

PTS: 1

80. ANS: maggots

PTS: 1

81. ANS: nonliving

PTS: 1

82. ANS: biogenesis

PTS: 1

83. ANS: oxygen

PTS: 1

84. ANS: living

PTS: 1

MATCHING

85. ANS: H PTS: 1

86. ANS: C PTS: 1

87. ANS: E PTS: 1

88. ANS: K PTS: 1

89. ANS: I PTS: 1

90. ANS: A PTS: 1

91. ANS: J PTS: 1

92. ANS: M PTS: 1

93. ANS: D PTS: 1

94. ANS: F PTS: 1

SHORT ANSWER

95. ANS:
Spontaneous generation is the idea that living things come from non-living things. It was a popular theory from the late seventeenth century through the middle of the eighteenth century. Biogenesis is the theory that living things come only from preexisting life.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.G.1.3.4 SC.H.1.3.1

96. ANS:
energy and raw materials

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.G.1.3.4 SC.G.1.3.5

97. ANS:
from food

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.G.1.3.4

98. ANS:
a prediction that can be tested

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.H.1.3.1

99. ANS:
the factor tested in an experiment

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.H.1.3.5

100. ANS:
Both belong to the genus Tsuga.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 9/4 STA: SC.G.1.3.3

101. ANS:
grouping organisms into large groups, then dividing them into smaller subgroups

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 8/4 STA: SC.G.1.3.3

102. ANS:
You use the giant panda's scientific name.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 9/4 STA: SC.G.1.3.3

103. ANS:
Organisms need food to provide energy for life activities such as growth and reproduction.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.G.1.3.4

104. ANS:
the development of binomial nomenclature as a method for identifying species worldwide

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 8/4
STA: SC.G.1.3.3 SC.H.1.3.6 SC.H.3.3.5

105. ANS:
Oparin suggested that the atmosphere was made up of gases similar to ammonia, hydrogen, methane, and water vapor.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.H.1.3.6 SC.H.3.3.5

106. ANS:
the smallest units of organisms that carry on the functions of life

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.F.1.3.5

107. ANS:
Living things are made up of more than 50 percent water and must maintain that level.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.G.1.3.4

108. ANS:
Earthworms always appeared in large numbers after rainstorms.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3 STA: SC.H.1.3.1

109. ANS:
life span

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2

110. ANS:
the liter or milliliter

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1

111. ANS:
Results that show a hypothesis to be wrong help scientists choose a better hypothesis to test. This narrows the answers to be tested.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.H.1.3.1 SC.H.1.3.2

112. ANS:
Answers should include that living things must be made of cells, use energy, move, respond, adjust, reproduce, grow, develop, and require energy and water.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.F.1.3.1 SC.F.1.3.4 SC.G.1.3.3

113. ANS:
Group one would include bats, eagles, butterflies, sparrows—things that fly. Group two would include fish, dolphins, tadpoles, water snakes—things that swim.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 8/4 STA: SC.G.1.3.3

114. ANS:
They avoid confusion among scientists, group organisms with similar evolutionary histories together, give information about the species, and allow information to be organized and retrieved efficiently.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's III OBJ: 9/4 STA: SC.G.1.3.3

115. ANS:
Answers will vary but should indicate teeth, claws, size, etc.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's III OBJ: 10/4 STA: SC.G.1.3.3

116. ANS:
Living things are organized into one or more cells, interact with their surroundings, use energy, grow and develop, and reproduce.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.F.1.3.1 SC.F.1.3.4

117. ANS:
a. meter
b. kilometer
c. kilogram
d. gram
e. degree
f. liter

PTS: 1

118. ANS:
Living things are made up of one or more cells, use energy, move, respond to their environment, reproduce, grow, develop, adapt, and have a life span.

PTS: 1

119. ANS:
Nonliving things such as water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are needed by living things to survive. These materials are returned to the environment and are used again.

PTS: 1

120. ANS:
They all belong to the genus Pinus.

PTS: 1

121. ANS:
They are pine trees.

PTS: 1

122. ANS:
It grows abundantly in the state of Virginia.

PTS: 1

123. ANS:
1. skunk
2. mink
3. beaver
4. opossum
5. woodchuck

PTS: 1

124. ANS:
Accept any five of the following (order will vary): They are made of one or more cells; they move; they respond to changes in their environment; they use energy; they reproduce; they grow and develop; they adapt; they have life spans.

PTS: 1

125. ANS:
1. State the problem.
2. Gather information about the problem.
3. Form a hypothesis.
4. Perform an experiment to test the hypothesis.
5. Analyze data.
6. Draw a Conclusion.
7. Report results.

PTS: 1

ESSAY

126. ANS:
In 1924, a Russian scientist named Alexander Oparin suggested that the Earth’s early atmosphere had no oxygen but was made up of the gases ammonia, hydrogen, methane, and water vapor. He hypothesized that these gases could have combined to form the more complex compounds found in living things. In 1953, Miller and Urey tested Oparin’s Hypothesis. They showed that chemicals found in living things could be produced, however, it did not prove that life began this way.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.G.1.3.4 SC.H.3.3.5

127. ANS:
Broth became contaminated only when dust that had collected in the curved neck of one flask was allowed to mix with the broth. This showed that the contamination, or new organisms, did not come from the broth.

PTS: 1

128. ANS:
He suggested that the atmosphere of early Earth was made up of gases similar to ammonia, hydrogen, methane, and water vapor. No oxygen was present in the atmosphere as it is today. Energy from lightning, the Sun, and Earth’s heat triggered chemical reactions early in Earth’s history. The newly formed molecules washed into Earth’s ancient oceans and became a part of what is often called the primordial soup. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey sent electric currents through a mixture of gases like those thought to be in Earth’s early atmosphere. When the gases cooled, they condensed to form an oceanlike liquid that contained materials such as amino acids, found in present-day cells.

PTS: 1