Wednesday, December 5, 2007

6th Grade Chapter 18 REVIEW

Below you will find all the possible questions on the test as well as many more. If you want to check your answers with me you may come to Tutoring on Thursday or see me Friday Morning.

6th Grade - Chapter 18 TEST

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. During energy transformations, sometimes energy is destroyed.

____ 2. The greater the average kinetic energy of an object, the lower the temperature of that object.

____ 3. When you pick up an ice cube, the heat from your hand transfers to the ice.

____ 4. When you are swinging on a playground swing, your potential energy is greatest at the highest point.

____ 5. A vinyl-covered seat conducts heat slower than a fabric-covered seat.

____ 6. The stored potential energy within chemical bonds is called chemical energy.

____ 7. Photosynthesis is primarily an exothermic reaction.

____ 8. Catalysts are used in the production of many consumer goods such as vegetable shortening and synthetic rubber.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 9. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form to another. What is this statement known as?
a.
the law of conservation of energy
b.
the law of thermal energy
c.
the rule of energy
d.
the rule of nuclear energy


____ 10. A microwave oven and an X-ray machine use what kind of energy?
a.
kinetic
b.
nuclear
c.
potential
d.
radiant


____ 11. Mary places a ball at the top of an inclined plane.
What type of energy does the ball have?
a.
chemical energy
b.
kinetic energy
c.
potential energy
d.
thermal energy


____ 12. Joe is boiling a pot of water.
What process forces the warmer water to the top?
a.
convection
b.
kinetic energy
c.
law of conservation of energy
d.
potential energy


____ 13. Erica is tossing a ball up and down in her hand. The mechanical energy of the ball is slightly less when she catches it than when she tossed it upward. What does this demonstrate?
a.
some chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy
b.
some mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy
c.
some thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy
d.
some mechanical energy is converted into radiant energy


____ 14. Manuel’s father makes a snack in a microwave oven and dinner on the stove. Which kinds of energy transfers does he use to cook the food?
a.
conduction and thermal
b.
convection and conduction
c.
radiation and conduction
d.
radiation and convection


____ 15. Which is the name for the energy of the particles of an object due to their random motion?
a.
conduction
b.
convection
c.
radiation
d.
thermal


____ 16. Why is copper sometimes used on the bottom of cooking pans?
a.
Copper is easy to attach to the bottom of cooking pans.
b.
Copper conducts heat more evenly than many other metals.
c.
Copper conducts radiation evenly across the pan bottom.
d.
Copper is less expensive and more attractive than plastic.


____ 17. The amount of useful energy decreases as energy changes forms. Why is this so?
a.
Thermal energy is changed to kinetic energy, which leaves less useful energy.
b.
Kinetic energy is changed to potential energy, which leaves less useful energy.
c.
Thermal energy is produced, only some of which is useful.
d.
Radiant energy is produced, which becomes less concentrated.


____ 18. Energy occurs in ____.
a.
only one form
c.
only three forms
b.
only two forms
d.
many forms


____ 19. What are the two main types of energy that relate to motion?
a.
conduction and convection
c.
potential and kinetic
b.
solar and thermal
d.
radiation and heat


____ 20. A rock sitting on top of a cliff has ____.
a.
kinetic energy
c.
potential energy
b.
no energy
d.
radiation energy


____ 21. As the temperature of a material increases, the average ____ of its particles also increases.
a.
specific heat
c.
mass
b.
kinetic energy
d.
potential energy


____ 22. What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius temperature scale?
a.
0°C
c.
100°C
b.
–100°C
d.
273°C


____ 23. Which one of the following statements describes the flow of heat?
a.
Energy moves from a warmer object to a cooler object.
b.
Energy moves from a cooler object to a warmer object.
c.
Energy moves only between two warm objects.
d.
Energy moves only between two cold objects.


____ 24. A material that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and radiation is called a(n) ____.
a.
conductor
c.
insulator
b.
condenser
d.
radiator


____ 25. Which type of energy transfer occurs even in a vacuum?
a.
combustion
c.
convection
b.
radiation
d.
conduction


____ 26. Which one of the following is NOT a good conductor of heat?
a.
air
c.
copper
b.
aluminum
d.
silver


____ 27. An example of thermal energy transfer by convection is the ____.
a.
melting of ice
c.
heating of the ground by sunlight
b.
formation of air currents
d.
heating of the ocean by sunlight


____ 28. The total amount of energy in the universe ____.
a.
is always increasing
c.
remains the same
b.
varies from moment to moment
d.
is always decreasing


____ 29. The motion of atoms in all directions in solids, liquids, and gases is called ____.
a.
radiation
c.
random motion
b.
convection
d.
magnetism


____ 30. The Sun emits a form of energy called ____ energy.
a.
chemical
c.
radiant
b.
mechanical
d.
orbital


____ 31. Which are forms of energy?
a.
chemical, inertia, and radiant
b.
chemical, radiant, and thermal
c.
electrical, friction, and nuclear
d.
velocity, thermal, and chemical


____ 32. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of which of the following?
a.
the atmosphere
b.
liquid in a container
c.
the particles in an object
d.
the wind chill index


____ 33. Curtis is sipping a glass of juice. The ice in the glass has melted, and to him the juice and his hand seem to be about the same temperature. Why have the temperatures balanced?
a.
because of a transfer of energy caused by convection
b.
because of a transfer of thermal energy known as heat
c.
because of a transfer of kinetic energy known as heat
d.
because of a transfer of radiation caused by energy


____ 34. Where is the chemical energy in a material stored?
a.
the nucleus
c.
the protons
b.
the electrons
d.
the bonds between atoms


____ 35. Which one of the following is correct concerning the breaking of a chemical bond?
a.
Only electricity can break a chemical bond.
b.
Energy is never released from the breaking of a bond.
c.
Only heat can break a chemical bond.
d.
When a bond is broken, energy is added and released.


____ 36. Which type of chemical reaction needs to absorb energy to proceed?
a.
exothermic
c.
explosion
b.
endothermic
d.
radiation


____ 37. Which one of the following is NOT an example of a chemical reaction that is exothermic?
a.
the breakdown of water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas
b.
a chemical hand warmer
c.
the burning of charcoal
d.
the explosion of dynamite


____ 38. Which one of the following statements is true about catalysts?
a.
They are required for a chemical reaction to take place.
b.
They change the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up.
c.
They change the rate of a chemical reaction but are always used up.
d.
They can only slow down the rate of a chemical reaction.


____ 39. The ability to cause change is ____.
a.
heat
c.
energy
b.
transformation
d.
conduction


____ 40. The average kinetic energy of the atoms in an object determines its ____.
a.
speed
c.
mass
b.
temperature
d.
specific heat


____ 41. Materials that do not transfer heat easily are ____.
a.
thermals
c.
insulators
b.
conductors
d.
metals


____ 42. At 0°C on the Celsius temperature scale, ____.
a.
water is room temperature
c.
water boils
b.
water freezes
d.
all particle motion stops


____ 43. Kinetic energy plays a role in each of the following EXCEPT a ____.
a.
moving soccer ball
c.
skier standing at the top of a hill
b.
skydiver falling toward Earth
d.
car traveling at 40 mph


____ 44. The scientist who described the law of conservation of energy is ____.
a.
Celsius
c.
Kelvin
b.
Fahrenheit
d.
Joule


____ 45. The transfer of energy from warmer to cooler objects is known as ____.
a.
heat
c.
temperature
b.
conservation
d.
absolute zero


____ 46. A bouncing rubber ball has each of the following EXCEPT ____.
a.
kinetic energy
c.
heat
b.
potential energy
d.
temperature


____ 47. Radiation involves the transfer of energy by ____.
a.
particle collisions
c.
air flow
b.
waves
d.
temperature differences


____ 48. The spring inside a moving wind-up toy has ____.
a.
potential energy only
b.
kinetic energy only
c.
both potential energy and kinetic energy
d.
neither potential energy nor kinetic energy


____ 49. If the amount of energy required to boil a pot of water were added to a swimming pool, the water in the pool would
a.
boil
c.
warm
b.
change very little
d.
cool


____ 50. As a snowflake falls, it ____.
a.
loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy
b.
loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy
c.
gains both potential and kinetic energy
d.
loses both potential and kinetic energy


____ 51. When you use a flashlight, you produce light and ____ energy.
a.
potential
c.
chemical
b.
nuclear
d.
thermal


____ 52. The transfer of thermal energy through liquids and gases is called ____.
a.
convection
c.
radiation
b.
conduction
d.
osmosis


Completion
Complete each statement.

53. If an object has energy, then that object has the ability to cause ____________________.

54. The higher a hill, the more ____________________ energy a skier has at the top and the more ____________________ energy while skiing down.

55. The statement that the total amount of energy in the universe never changes is called the ____________________.

56. The measure of the average ____________________ of particles in a material is called temperature.

57. Energy moves from the Sun to Earth by ____________________.

58. Cooking pans have handles made of materials that are ____________________ of heat.

59. When we move, our muscles transform chemical energy from our food into ____________________ energy and heat.

60. Heat is ____________________ by food as it cooks.

61. Any change of energy from one form to another is called a(n) ____________________.

62. The Fahrenheit temperature scale is used mainly in ____________________ and ____________________.

63. Energy moves through ocean currents by ____________________.

64. In photosynthesis, the cells in green plants convert energy from sunlight into ____________________energy in a type of sugar.

65. Catalysts in the body are called ____________________.

66. A(n) ____________________ in saliva acts as a catalyst to break down starches.

Unscramble the terms in italics next to their definitions. Write the terms on the lines provided.

67. fntorsaimotnar: change of energy from one form to another ____________________

68. teikinc: energy of objects in motion ____________________

69. slationur: material that doesn’t allow heat to be conducted easily ____________________

70. alw fo sornacetoniv fo gerney: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. ______________________________

71. dinutconoc: transfer of energy from particle to particle when there is a temperature difference ____________________

72. greyen: ability to cause change ____________________

73. athe: thermal energy that moves from a warmer to a cooler object ____________________

74. eptilonta: stored energy ____________________

75. tadaiorin: energy that travels in waves in all directions from its source ____________________

76. urepattmere: measure of the average kinetic energy of particles ____________________

77. ovitocencn: transfer of energy when particles move from place to place where there is a temperature difference ____________________

Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below.

thermals
conductors


78. ____________________ are materials that transfer thermal energy easily.

79. Columns of warm air that are forced up as cold air sinks are ____________________.

Matching

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.
conduction
c.
heat
b.
convection
d.
radiation


____ 80. the movement of thermal energy from warm objects to cool objects

____ 81. Thermals in the air are due to this.

____ 82. type of energy movement used by microwave ovens

____ 83. reason why the handle of a spoon with only its bottom part in a pan of hot water can get hot

Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
endothermic
d.
potential energy
b.
exothermic
e.
temperature
c.
kinetic energy



____ 84. energy of motion

____ 85. celsius scale measures this

____ 86. energy of position

____ 87. a reaction that absorbs energy

____ 88. a reaction that releases energy

Short Answer

89.
An object has 12.57 J of energy. How many degrees Celsius could it warm one gram of water?

90.
Describe the ways that atoms move around in solids, liquids, and gases.

91.
A window is opened in a heated room during the winter. Explain why it feels cold inside the room after a while.

Figure 6-1

92.
In Figure 6-1, which car has the greatest potential energy?

93.
In Figure 6-1, which cars have the least potential energy?

94.
Can you determine which car in Figure 6-1 has the greatest kinetic energy? Explain your answer.

95. For each of the following examples, determine which type of heat transfer is illustrated.

a. Food is cooked in a microwave oven.
b. A breeze blows along the ocean shore on a hot day.
c. Food is cooked on a gas stove.
d. Food is cooked on a barbecue grill.

96. Study the diagram of the thermometer. Then complete the table below.



Boiling point
Freezing point
Current temperature
Fahrenheit
=Celsius
Celsius
100º

10º

Fahrenheit

32º




Consider a picture that shows a marshmallow added to a cup of hot cocoa then answer the following questions.

97. How does the thermal energy of the cocoa change when the marshmallow is added?

98. What happens to the temperature of the marshmallow?

99. What happens to the temperature of the cocoa?

100. By what means does the transfer of thermal energy take place?

101. To change a temperature from the Celsius scale to the Fahrenheit scale, you multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 and add 32 to the product. If the temperature is 30°C, what is the Fahrenheit temperature?

102.
Evan buys a flashlight for a camping trip. When he puts batteries in it, it shines brightly. What are the energy changes that take place to make the light shine?

103.
Name and describe the types of energy conversions that are involved when a person climbs stairs.

104.
What are two ways to change the rate of a chemical reaction?

105.
Contrast the way kinetic energy increases and the way potential energy increases.

106.
What is the difference between heat and temperature?

107.
Why are liquids such as alcohol used in thermometers?

108.
How do many people use radiation to cook food?

109.
Explain the ways energy moves when an ice cube is set on a sidewalk on a sunny day.

110.
How is chemical energy important in lifting a heavy object?

111.
Why do some cooking pans have copper bottoms?

112.
Is combustion an exothermic reaction or an endothermic reaction? Is photosynthesis an exothermic reaction or an endothermic reaction?

113.
How does your body use enzymes?

114. Identify a form of energy that is related to each change.

a. change in speed
b. change in position

115. How does the amount of energy in the batteries in a flashlight compare to the total amount of energy given off by the flashlight as light and heat?

116. To change a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, you multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 and add 32 to the product. If the temperature is 40°C, what is the Fahrenheit temperature?

117. Two identical packages are placed on different shelves in a kitchen cabinet. One of the shelves is a foot higher than the other.

a. Which package has more potential energy? Why?
b. If both packages are pushed off the shelves with identical force, which package will have more kinetic energy?

Essay

118. Explain how temperature is different from heat.

119. Explain the law of conservation of energy.