7th Grade - Chapter 8 Test Review

7th Grade - Chapter 8 Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Barry finds a piece of mica split into two thin sheets. The splitting is an example of which mineral property?
a.
cleavage
b.
hardness
c.
luster
d.
streak
____ 2. What name is often used for intrusive igneous rock?
a.
basaltic
b.
extrusive
c.
granitic
d.
sedimentary
____ 3. Which of the following does NOT show how minerals form?
a.
bone
b.
evaporation
c.
lava
d.
magma
____ 4. How did sedimentary rock get its name?
a.
The rock was named after a person.
b.
The rock formed by layers of sediment.
c.
The rock formed from volcanic eruptions.
d.
The rock was named after a place.
____ 5. Why does the rock cycle have no beginning and no end?
a.
Scientists do not know much about the cycle.
b.
Rock is constantly changing.
c.
The current model is flawed.
d.
Very few rocks ever reach the end of the cycle.
____ 6. Meh Lynn is studying igneous rock in her science class. How does intrusive igneous rock form?
a.
Lava blocks the opening of a volcano and hardens.
b.
Lava flows out of a volcano and hardens.
c.
Magma breaks through Earth’s crust.
d.
Magma rises to the Earth’s crust but never reaches it.
____ 7. Jake’s class is studying minerals and how they are used. They have a chart that tells them how hard each mineral is. A rating of 1 indicates the softest mineral.

Which mineral would be least practical to use as a tool to strike something?
a.
apatite
b.
calcite
c.
quartz
d.
talc
____ 8. How is metamorphic rock different than sedimentary rock?
a.
Only sedimentary rock actually changes form.
b.
Only metamorphic rock actually changes form.
c.
Only sedimentary rock is used to make products.
d.
Only metamorphic rock is formed by pressure.
____ 9. Which mineral can be found in many colors?
a.
calcite
b.
feldspar
c.
mica
d.
talc
____ 10. Why are minerals considered a nonrenewable resource?
a.
They must be mined using expensive machinery.
b.
They are found very deep within Earth.
c.
There is a finite amount and they take a long time to form.
d.
They are no longer being formed.
____ 11. Kavita’s study group drew a model of the rock cycle. Their teacher told them the model was not correct.

What is wrong with their model?
a.
It implies that one type of rock can become another type.
b.
It should not include igneous rock.
c.
It should form a circular shape.
d.
Sedimentary and metamorphic rock are in the wrong order.
____ 12. Why do you think Moh’s Scale is important to scientists?
a.
It tells them how common minerals are.
b.
It tells them how hard minerals are.
c.
It tells them which minerals are gems.
d.
It tells them which minerals are ores.
____ 13. How might a scientist determine the age of a sedimentary rock formation?
a.
The scientist must first find a fossil in the rock.
b.
The scientist can study the individual layers of rock.
c.
Only a chemical test can determine the age of a rock.
d.
Scientists cannot tell the age of rock formations.
____ 14. Rocks that are produced when magma or lava cools and hardens are called ____.
a.
igneous rocks
c.
sedimentary rocks
b.
metamorphic rocks
d.
all of the above
____ 15. Which statement applies to minerals?
a.
More than 4,000 have been identified.
b.
You can find them in your salt shaker.
c.
Each has a unique arrangement of atoms.
d.
all of the above
____ 16. Which properties are NOT commonly used to identify minerals?
a.
reaction with acid
c.
specific gravity
b.
cleavage and fracture
d.
mass and size
____ 17. Rocks are foliated or nonfoliated depending on their ____.
a.
hardness
c.
layers or lack of layers
b.
cleavage and fracture
d.
streak
____ 18. The word metamorphic means ____.
a.
"change of form"
c.
"changed under extreme pressure"
b.
"produced by heat"
d.
all of the above
____ 19. Broken pieces of what types of rock are deposited into layers and cemented together to form sedimentary rock?
a.
sedimentary
c.
metamorphic
b.
igneous
d.
all of the above
____ 20. Which can occur in the rock cycle?
a.
Sedimentary rock is heated and squeezed to form metamorphic rock.
b.
Igneous rock is eroded to form metamorphic rock.
c.
Metamorphic rock melts to form sedimentary rock.
d.
none of the above
____ 21. The size of mineral crystals in igneous rocks ____.
a.
helps classify the rocks
b.
depends on the temperature at which magma forms
c.
depends on the mineral content of magma
d.
all of the above
____ 22. The rock cycle shows each rock ____.
a.
as it was millions of years ago
c.
on a continuing journey
b.
as it is in recent times
d.
as it was originally formed
____ 23. Which statement best describes how rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic?
a.
Rocks are classified by where they are found.
b.
Rocks are classified by how old they are.
c.
Rocks are classified by how they were formed.
d.
Rocks are classified by their color.
____ 24. Which can occur in the rock cycle?
a.
sedimentary rock is eroded to form igneous rock
b.
igneous rock is eroded to form metamorphic rock
c.
metamorphic rock melts to form sedimentary rock
d.
sedimentary rock is heated and squeezed to form metamorphic rock
____ 25. Which statement best expresses the relationship between rocks and minerals?
a.
Rocks and minerals are the same thing.
b.
Minerals are usually made of rocks.
c.
Rocks are usually made of minerals.
d.
Rocks and minerals are both made of gems.
____ 26. Which properties are NOT commonly used to identify minerals?
a.
streak and luster
c.
hardness and magnetism
b.
cleavage and fracture
d.
mass and size
____ 27. Rocks that are produced when melted rock cools and hardens are called ____ rocks.
a.
igneous
c.
sedimentary
b.
metamorphic
d.
foliated
____ 28. The word metamorphic means ____.
a.
“change of form”
c.
“very old”
b.
“produced by heat”
d.
“made from living matter”
____ 29. Broken pieces of rock are deposited into piles and are cemented together by other minerals. What type of rock has been formed?
a.
sedimentary
c.
metamorphic
b.
intrusive
d.
igneous
____ 30. The rock cycle ____.
a.
stopped millions of years ago
c.
is happening all the time
b.
stops for a while and then starts again
d.
just recently began
____ 31. The size of mineral crystals in igneous rocks depends on the ____.
a.
time it takes melted rock to cool
c.
mineral content of melted rock
b.
temperature at which the rock melts
d.
size of the pool of melted rock
____ 32. Foliated and nonfoliated rocks are both types of ____ rocks.
a.
igneous
c.
sedimentary
b.
metamorphic
d.
biochemical
Completion
Complete each statement.
33. Complete Table 9-1.
Rocks and Minerals
Minerals
Rocks
Properties of Minerals
Three Types of Rock
• are crystals
Igneous Rock
• have cleavage or a. ______________
Two Types:
• can be identified by the b. ______________
• d. ______________ form on Earth's surface
• have varying levels of c. ______________ on a scale from 1 to 10
• e. ______________ form below Earth's surface
• some have special properties
Sedimentary Rock

Three Types:

• f. ______________, ______________, ______________

Metamorphic Rock

Two Types:

• g. ______________, ______________
Table 9-1
34. A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition is called a(n) ____________________.
35. A(n) ____________________ is usually formed of two or more minerals.
36. Solids that have a repeating pattern of atoms are called ____________________.
37. Minerals that can be cut and polished, giving them a beautiful appearance, are called ____________________.
38. A mineral is called a(n) ____________________ if it contains an useful metal that can be sold for a profit.
39. The term ____________________ refers to rocks that are produced when melted rock, or magma, from inside Earth cools or hardens on or below Earth's surface.
40. Igneous rocks that form when magma cools on Earth's surface are called ____________________ igneous rocks.
41. Igneous rocks that form when magma cools below the crust inside Earth are called ____________________ igneous rocks.
42. Rocks produced when pieces of other rocks, plant and animal matter, or dissolved minerals collect to form rock layers are called _________________________.
43. Rocks formed when older rocks are heated and/or squeezed are called _________________________.
44. Metamorphic rocks that have distinct bands of minerals that have been heated and squeezed into parallel layers are called ____________________ rocks.
45. Metamorphic rocks that do not have distinct layers or bands are called ____________________ rocks.
46. The ____________________ shows how rocks change from one type to another.
47. Complete Figure 9-1 by inserting the correct terms in the rock cycle diagram.

Figure 9-1
48. Minerals that can be cut and polished, giving them a beautiful appearance, are called ____________________.
49. A(n) ____________________ is usually formed of two or more minerals.
50. Solids that have a repeating pattern of atoms are called ____________________.
51. A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition is called a(n) ____________________.
52. A mineral is called a(n) ____________________ if it contains something that can be useful and sold.
53. The term ____________________ refers to rocks that are produced when melted rock from inside Earth cools and hardens on or under Earth’s surface.
54. Rocks formed when older rocks are heated and/or squeezed are called ____________________.
55. Igneous rocks that form when lava cools under the crust inside Earth, rather than on the surface, are called ____________________ igneous rocks.
56. Rocks produced when pieces of other rocks, plant and animal matter, or dissolved minerals collect to form rock layers are called ____________________ rocks.
57. Igneous rocks that form when lava cools on Earth’s surface are called ____________________ igneous rocks.
58. Detrital rocks are a kind of ____________________ rock made of grains from minerals or other rocks that have moved and been deposited in layers
59. ____________________ rocks form from evaporation of seawater or from other chemical processes.
60. Metamorphic rocks that have distinct bands of minerals that have been heated and squeezed into parallel layers are called ____________________ rocks.
61. ____________________ metamorphic rocks, such as quartzite, marble, and soapstone, do not have distinct layers or bands.
62. The ____________________ shows how rocks are recycled from one type to another.
Matching
Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
ore
d.
gem
b.
mineral
e.
rock
c.
rock cycle
____ 63. a model that shows how rocks are recycled from one type to another
____ 64. a mineral that contains something that can be useful and sold after processing
____ 65. a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition
____ 66. classified as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
____ 67. a rare mineral that can be cut and polished, giving it a beautiful appearance
Match each term with the correct description below.
a.
crystals
d.
metamorphic rocks
b.
igneous rocks
e.
sedimentary rocks
c.
fossil
____ 68. remains or trace of a once-living plant or animal
____ 69. rocks that form when magma or lava cools
____ 70. rocks formed when older rocks are heated and/or squeezed
____ 71. rocks formed when pieces of rocks, plant and animal matter, or dissolved minerals gather into layers
____ 72. solid that has a repeating pattern of atoms
Match each description with the correct item below.
a.
ore
i.
extrusive
b.
crystal
j.
foliated
c.
rock cycle
k.
intrusive
d.
gem
l.
nonfoliated
e.
rock
m.
igneous rocks
f.
organic
n.
sedimentary rocks
g.
chemical
o.
metamorphic rocks
h.
detrital
____ 73. a solid that is usually made of two or more minerals
____ 74. a mineral that contains something that can be useful and sold for a profit
____ 75. a solid mineral with a repeating pattern of atoms
____ 76. a diagram that shows the process of how rocks are changed from one type to another
____ 77. a mineral that is rare and can be cut and polished, giving it a beautiful appearance
____ 78. rocks that form when lava cools on Earth’s surface
____ 79. igneous rocks that form below the surface of Earth
____ 80. include intrusive and extrusive kinds of rocks
____ 81. rocks made of grains of minerals or other rocks that are moved and deposited into layers
____ 82. rocks formed when seawater, loaded with dissolved minerals, evaporates
____ 83. include detrital, chemical, and organic kinds of rocks
____ 84. rocks formed over millions of years from living matter
____ 85. include foliated and nonfoliated kinds of rocks
____ 86. rocks with bands of minerals that have been heated and squeezed into parallel layers
____ 87. metamorphic rocks with no distinct layers or bands
Short Answer
88.
Sarah is working on a report about the rock cycle. How should she explain how it is possible for a sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic rock?
89.
Jacob is comparing minerals by doing a scratch test. He finds one mineral that can be easily scratched with his fingernail.
Part A What does Jacob’s test tell him about the usefulness of the mineral?
Part B What type of mineral might Jacob have tested?
90.
What clues do we have on how a mineral was formed?
91.
Name five things in your school building that come from minerals.
92.
Why are gems so much more valuable than other minerals?
93.
What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?
94.
What is the Mohs scale?
95.
What is a mineral's streak, and is it always the same as its color?
96.
What is luster?
97.
How do you measure a mineral's specific gravity?
98.
What are granitic rocks?
99.
What are basaltic rocks?
100.
Why do you think sedimentary rocks are called sedimentary instead of something else?
101.
Explain how a metamorphic rock could turn into a sedimentary rock and then back into metamorphic rock.
102.
Describe ore processing.
103.
You find an extrusive igneous rock. Predict what would happen if you threw this rock in the ocean and wind and moving water acted on it.
104. Complete the concept map by writing the correct terms and phrases from the chapter next to the numbers.

Use the table to answer the questions below.
Selected Characteristics of Three Rock Samples
Sample
Selected characteristics
A
formed from magma

has large crystals
B
has many fossils of sea organisms

fizzes in acid
C
formed from minerals heated and squeezed together

has distinct bands of minerals in parallel layers
105. Is Sample A most likely an igneous, a metamorphic, or a sedimentary rock? Why do you think so? Is it any special type of rock you identified?
106. Is Sample B most likely an igneous, a metamorphic, or a sedimentary rock? Why do you think so? Is it any special type of rock you identified?
107. Is Sample C most likely an igneous, a metamorphic, or a sedimentary rock? Why do you think so? Is it any special type of rock you identified?
108. Predict what will happen in the case below. Conclude by telling what kind of rock will be made.
A huge glob of magma rises from deep in Earth, but a layer of crust keeps it from reaching the surface. Predict what will happen to this glob of magma. Remember that different types of rocks are formed in different ways. And each type of rock is on a continuing journey through the rock cycle.
Essay
109. What is the difference between a mineral and a rock?
110. What are five things in your school building that come from minerals?
111. You are given a sample of a mineral. How might you go about finding out what kind of mineral it is?
112. What does sedimentary mean?
113. What is the relationship between ores and minerals?