Wednesday, January 9, 2008

7th Grade- Chapter 1 Online Review

7th Grade - Chapter 1 ONLINE REVIEW

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. Science has been used throughout history to answer questions about the world.

____ 2. Using a computer graphic is the only effective way to display the data from an experiment.

____ 3. If the results of your experiment do not support your hypothesis, it means that your hypothesis was wrong.

____ 4. Scientific discoveries have been made by people of different races, sexes, cultures, and time periods.

____ 5. There is usually only one correct method that can be used to solve a problem.

____ 6. The number of trials conducted is the same in every experiment.

____ 7. If the results of experiments do not support a prediction, scientists change their predictions.

____ 8. Because the quality of the solution to a problem depends on how well the entire project is carried out, planning is a very important step in science.

____ 9. Although a model was useful for locating the source of an 1871 cholera epidemic, models are rarely useful to scientists trying to solve other problems.

____ 10. Good experiments can only be conducted if you have the latest materials and tools.

____ 11. Modern electronic communications allow people throughout the world to learn quickly about new discoveries.

____ 12. A hypothesis is a statement of fact.

____ 13. Scientific discoveries are made only by professional scientists.

____ 14. Scientific discoveries influence only areas related to our health.

____ 15. Any information gathered from the Internet can be assumed to be accurate.

____ 16. The more trials you can run in an experiment, the more reliable the results.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 17. What is the name for the steps scientists go through to solve problems?
a.
drawing conclusions
b.
forming a hypothesis
c.
research design
d.
scientific method


____ 18. Rita wants to study the history of her town. What type of research will she have to do?
a.
descriptive research
b.
experimental research
c.
research design
d.
variable research


____ 19. Why is a microscope considered technology?
a.
It uses electricity and has lenses.
b.
It uses a technique that helps solve a problem.
c.
Some people use it every day.
d.
It enables people to see details inside cells.


____ 20. How might a scientist show bias in an experiment?
a.
by asking others to verify the data
b.
by choosing a random sample by computer
c.
by drawing conclusions without analyzing data
d.
by using multiple trials to confirm data


____ 21. Mike is testing the effects of friction on a toy car going down a ramp. He runs one trial with sandpaper on the ramp and another trial with cloth on the ramp. What else does he need in his experiment?
a.
a control group
b.
a longer ramp
c.
an independent variable
d.
a technology


____ 22. Margo recorded data for her experiment on a line graph.


What conclusions can she draw from her data?
a.
Growth declined steadily each week.
b.
Growth increased steadily each week.
c.
A growth pattern cannot be determined.
d.
Growth will probably stop soon.


____ 23. What happens after a technological design process is tested successfully?
a.
Design flaws are identified.
b.
The new process is tested with the public.
c.
The constraints are listed.
d.
A pilot plant can be built.


____ 24. Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?
a.
analyze your data
b.
communicate your results
c.
find your biases
d.
test your hypothesis


____ 25. Mike is conducting an experiment to see if his dog will eat a new brand of dog food. He will replace the dog’s old food with the new brand. Identify the dependent variable in this experiment.
a.
the amount of food
b.
the place the food is left
c.
the type of food
d.
whether the dog eats


____ 26. Why is it important for scientists to present their findings to the public?
a.
The public has to understand every scientific finding.
b.
Scientific data can benefit society in different ways.
c.
The scientist might be able to get the data published.
d.
The scientist needs credit for his or her findings.


____ 27. What is the best way to predict when the next full moon will occur?
a.
Collect data about the time of the sunset each day.
b.
Design an engineering experiment.
c.
Draw your own conclusion.
d.
Make a model of the solar system.


____ 28. Clara is conducting an experiment to find out the number of times her lab mice received a reward for finishing a task. She is using a tally chart to keep track of each mouse and the number of rewards each receives.


What is the best type of graph for her to use to analyze her data?
a.
bar graph
b.
line graph
c.
pictograph
d.
pie graph


____ 29. How does engineering meet human needs?
a.
It uses newly designed products.
b.
It solves problems.
c.
It uses technology.
d.
It uses science.


____ 30. Scientists use prior experience to ____.
a.
collect data
b.
make predictions about what will happen under certain circumstances
c.
analyze their data
d.
serve as a control in their experiments


____ 31. One example of technology that is commonly used by scientists is ____.
a.
computers
c.
variables
b.
hypotheses
d.
observations


____ 32. Examples of the skills used in science include ____ and ____.
a.
cholera , E. coli outbreaks
c.
facts , inferences
b.
clues , detectives
d.
observations , measurements


____ 33. After scientists analyze the results of their experiments, they ____.
a.
form hypotheses
b.
include a control
c.
communicate those results to other people
d.
choose the variables they want to test


____ 34. Which of the following steps to solve a problem must be completed first?
a.
analyzing data
c.
forming a hypothesis
b.
recognizing and identifying the problem
d.
testing a hypothesis


____ 35. Which of the following steps to solve a problem is completed last?
a.
analyzing data
c.
drawing conclusions
b.
recognizing and identifying the problem
d.
testing a hypothesis


____ 36. Listing what is known about a problem and possible ways to solve the problem are parts of ____.
a.
making a plan
c.
testing a hypothesis
b.
drawing conclusions
d.
eliminating bias


____ 37. ____ can save time and money by testing ideas that would otherwise be difficult to test quickly or easily.
a.
Biases
c.
Models
b.
Conclusions
d.
Variables


____ 38. A prediction or statement that can be tested is ____.
a.
a conclusion
c.
a control
b.
an observation
d.
a hypothesis


____ 39. A factor in an experiment that can change is ____.
a.
an observation
c.
a control
b.
a variable
d.
a hypothesis


____ 40. A sample that is treated exactly like the other experimental groups except that the variable is not applied to it is a(n) ____.
a.
observation
c.
control
b.
variable
d.
hypothesis


____ 41. Scientists conduct multiple trials of their experiments because ____.
a.
their results are more likely to be reliable
b.
it costs less to run more trials than fewer trials
c.
unusual occurrences are likely to be repeated every time
d.
experiments always have the same results


____ 42. One tool that can be used to display your data is a ____.
a.
balance
c.
microscope
b.
spring scale
d.
computer


____ 43. One way to reduce bias in an experiment is to ____.
a.
ask only girls a question about a school topic
b.
take numerical measurements of the results
c.
use descriptive phrases as your data
d.
make sure that the results come out the way you want them


____ 44. A good way to organize and record your results and observations is ____.
a.
in a data table
b.
by using a calculator
c.
with a balance or spring scale
d.
by having a hypothesis before you begin your experiment


____ 45. Which of the following units is part of the International System of Units, or SI?
a.
pounds
c.
meters
b.
ounces
d.
inches


Completion
Complete each statement.

46. use of knowledge to make products or tools ____________________

47. a prediction or statement that can be tested tools ____________________

48. SI is used for this purpose ____________________

49. sample treated like other experimental groups except no variable is used ____________________

50. sample taken without bias ____________________

51. a factor in an experiment that can change ____________________

52. a way or a process to investigate what is happening around us ____________________

53. way to organize and record results and observations ____________________

Correctly complete each sentence by choosing the best choice in parentheses.

54. Scientists use ______________________________ (observations, experiments, observations and experiments) to find answers to questions.

55. In today’s society, there is/are usually ____________________ (only one, a pair of, several) scientist[s] working on a problem at one time.

56. _________________________ (Making a detailed plan, Making a model, Identifying the problem) is the first step a scientist would take to solve a problem.

57. New artifacts, new techniques, and new social-technical systems are types of ____________________ (scientific discovery, technology, engineering advances).

58. The first step in finding a scientific solution to a problem or human need is ____________________ (make a discovery, define a problem, test a model).

Matching

Match each term with its description below.
a.
hypothesis
e.
science
b.
variable
f.
technology
c.
control
g.
globalization
d.
SI



____ 59. use of knowledge to make products or tools that people can use

____ 60. a sample that is treated exactly like the other experimental groups except that the variable is not applied to it

____ 61. worldwide distribution

____ 62. a system of units used by scientists that is based on units of ten

____ 63. a prediction or statement that can be tested

____ 64. a factor in an experiment that can change

____ 65. a process used to solve a problem

Match a or b to each term below.
a.
general skill used in science
b.
specific step scientists follow to solve problems


____ 66. observing

____ 67. analyzing data

____ 68. forming a hypothesis

____ 69. comparing and contrasting

____ 70. classifying

____ 71. drawing conclusions

____ 72. recognizing the problem

____ 73. testing a hypothesis

____ 74. measuring

Match the description with the correct term. Some items may not be used.
a.
model
g.
control
b.
random
h.
scientist
c.
data table
i.
hypothesis
d.
trial
j.
bias
e.
technology
k.
variable
f.
science log
l.
science


____ 75. a way to record results and observations accurately

____ 76. a single run of an experiment

____ 77. the application of science to make products or tools

____ 78. a way or a process to investigate what is happening around us

____ 79. a prediction or statement that can be tested

____ 80. a slanted view

____ 81. a factor that can change in an experiment

____ 82. used to represent things that happen too slowly or quickly t observe directly

____ 83. a type of sample taken without bias

____ 84. sample treated like other experimental groups except no viable is used

Match the following SI units with what they measure.
a.
temperature
d.
length
b.
liquid volume
e.
mass
c.
area



____ 85. meter

____ 86. gram

____ 87. tonne

____ 88. liter

____ 89. degrees Celsius

Short Answer

90.
Why is it important for all scientists to follow the same general steps when doing scientific investigations?

91.
Dana writes a detailed plan for a scientific investigation. First she shows her plan to her lab partner. He advises that she should use only one independent variable instead of two. She then rewrites her plan to incorporate his comments, and she conducts the experiment.

Part A Why do you think Dana’s lab partner advises against two independent variables in her experiment?

Part B If Dana’s lab partner wants to repeat the experiment, how would he do so?

92.
Give at least two reasons why scientists use the International System of Units (SI).

93.
List at least two reasons for designing your data tables before beginning your experiment.

94.
What are two ways that scientists communicate their results to other people?

95.
List three examples of how technology has made entertainment more accessible to people over the last one hundred years.

96.
Describe how scientists around the world use technology to discuss their results.

97.
How is the work of scientists similar to the work of detectives?

98.
Describe how prior knowledge may be used by scientists.

99.
List three ways that computers can be used in research.

100.
List at least four skills that scientists commonly use.

101.
List at least four types of information that scientists might include in a journal.

102.
Sequence the following steps: test your hypothesis, draw conclusions, recognize the problem, analyze the data, form a hypothesis.

103.
How might scientists go about trying to solve a large, complicated problem?

104.
Give an example of how scientists might use a computer model.

105.
List at least two possible sources of information that you could use to form a hypothesis.

106.
List at least three things you should be careful to do when designing an experiment.

107.
What are at least two factors that might influence the decision about how many trials of an experiment to conduct?

108.
State at least one possible source of bias in an experiment and describe how you can reduce it.

109.
If the results of your experiment do not support your hypothesis, have you still learned something important? Explain.

110.
Besides advances in the entertainment industry, give an example of how technology could make a difference in your everyday life.

111.
Are all scientific discoveries made by professional scientists? Explain.

112.
Describe how new scientific knowledge can challenge old ways of thinking or doing things.

113.
Is all scientific information good? Can some information be harmful? Can science make these decisions?

Figure 1-1

114.
An experiment was conducted to test which of two antibiotics was more effective at killing a certain type of bacterium. Cultures A and B were treated with antibiotic 1; cultures C and D were treated with antibiotic 2; culture E was not treated with any antibiotic. Based on the results shown in Figure 1-1, what conclusion would you draw about which antibiotic is more effective? Explain. What is the purpose of culture E?

115. Number these steps for doing an experiment in the correct order.

a. Test your hypothesis.
b. Analyze your data.
c. Recognize the problem.
d. Form a hypothesis.
e. Communicate your results.
f. Draw conclusions.

116. How do new scientific discoveries affect our everyday life? Give examples.

117. What are some ways that data can be recorded in a science journal?

118. How could you use two beakers, distilled water, two hot plates, two thermometers, and salt to test if adding salt affects the boiling point of water?

119. Complete the following events chain for doing experimental research.

1. Recognize the _________________.
¯
2. Form a ______________________.
¯
3. Select dependent and independent
___________________
รง
Run multiple trials of experiment
¯
4. Identify _____________________.
¯
5. ___________________ your results.
¯
6. Draw ______________________.
¯
communicate


120. Compare and contrast science and technology.

121. Choose an object that you use every day. Explain how science and technology were applied to its development.

122. Explain how the Internet or its parts could be described as an artifact, a technique, and as a social-technical system.

123. What are the main steps of solving a scientific problem?

124. Discuss two advantages of using the International System of Units, or SI, for measurements in scientific research.

Essay

125. If an experiment tested two variables at the same time, would the findings of the experiment be reliable? Explain.

126. Give two examples of what could cause scientists to change a hypothesis or theory they have formulated.

127. Can you think of any tools or technologies that might have developed from people’s observations of natural phenomena?

128. Describe a problem that was solved by development of a new technology and the steps of the solution process.
7th Grade - Chapter 1 ONLINE REVIEW
Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.1 SC.H.1.3.2

2. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.3 SC.H.3.3.7

3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.1 SC.H.1.3.5 SC.H.1.3.7

4. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
STA: SC.H.1.3.6 SC.H.3.3.5

5. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.1 SC.H.1.3.3

6. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.3 SC.H.1.3.4 SC.H.1.3.7

7. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.1 SC.H.1.3.5 SC.H.1.3.7

8. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.4 SC.H.1.3.5

9. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.3

10. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.3

11. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
STA: SC.H.3.3.6 SC.H.3.3.7

12. ANS: F PTS: 1

13. ANS: F PTS: 1

14. ANS: F PTS: 1

15. ANS: F PTS: 1

16. ANS: T PTS: 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.H.1.3.3

18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.H.1.3.3

19. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.3

20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.H.1.3.4

21. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.5

22. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.4

23. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.H.1.3.1 SC.H.1.3.2

24. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I STA: SC.H.1.3.2 SC.H.1.3.4

25. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.5

26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.4

27. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.2

28. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.4

29. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.3.3.4

30. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.1

31. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
STA: SC.H.3.3.7

32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

33. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.4 SC.H.3.3.6

34. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

35. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

36. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

37. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.3

38. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2

39. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.5

40. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.5 SC.H.1.3.7

41. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

42. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
STA: SC.H.3.3.7

43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

44. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

45. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2

COMPLETION

46. ANS: technology

PTS: 1

47. ANS: hypothesis

PTS: 1

48. ANS: measurement

PTS: 1

49. ANS: control

PTS: 1

50. ANS: random sample

PTS: 1

51. ANS: variable

PTS: 1

52. ANS: science

PTS: 1

53. ANS: data table

PTS: 1

54. ANS: observations and experiments

PTS: 1

55. ANS: several

PTS: 1

56. ANS: Identifying the problem

PTS: 1

57. ANS: technology

PTS: 1

58. ANS: define a problem

PTS: 1

MATCHING

59. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 5/3
STA: SC.H.1.3.3

60. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.5

61. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 6/3
STA: SC.H.3.3.6

62. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 4/2

63. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2

64. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.5

65. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 1/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.3

66. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

67. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

68. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2

69. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

70. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1

71. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2

72. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2

73. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 3/2
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

74. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's I OBJ: 2/1
STA: SC.H.1.3.4

75. ANS: C PTS: 1

76. ANS: D PTS: 1

77. ANS: E PTS: 1

78. ANS: L PTS: 1

79. ANS: I PTS: 1

80. ANS: J PTS: 1

81. ANS: K PTS: 1

82. ANS: A PTS: 1

83. ANS: B PTS: 1

84. ANS: G PTS: 1

85. ANS: D PTS: 1

86. ANS: E PTS: 1

87. ANS: E PTS: 1

88. ANS: B PTS: 1

89. ANS: A PTS: 1

SHORT ANSWER

90. ANS:
Following the same general steps when designing and conducting experiments helps to form a universal language and method for all scientists around the world to follow. This will help when scientists need to repeat experiments and use data from other scientists’ experiments to conduct their own studies.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II STA: SC.H.1.3.4 SC.H.1.3.6

91. ANS:
Part A Scientific investigations should have only one independent variable so that any data can be attributed to that independent variable. With two variables, it would be difficult to explain the results of the experiment. One variable makes it easy to analyze the data and communicate the results.

Part B Dana’s lab partner would follow the detailed written plan of her experiment. This type of plan allows for other scientists to verify a researcher’s results by repeating the experiment themselves.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's III STA: SC.H.1.3.5

92. ANS:
Answers may include: it gives scientists a common language; multiplying and dividing by 10 makes calculations easy to use; prefixes used with units change them to larger or smaller units.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.H.1.3.4

93. ANS:
Answers may include: the data will be organized from the start; you will save time by not having to rewrite the data in a table; you will know that you have all the data you need to accurately analyze the results of the experiment.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.H.1.3.4

94. ANS:
written reports and verbal presentations

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.H.3.3.6

95. ANS:
Answers may include: movies on large screens; movies on TV; videotaped movies; DVD movies on computer monitors.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/3 STA: SC.H.3.3.7

96. ANS:
They may use cellular phones and computers to contact other scientists.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.H.3.3.7

97. ANS:
Both have a problem to solve; both look for clues that they use to solve that problem.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1 STA: SC.H.1.3.2 SC.H.1.3.3

98. ANS:
Prior knowledge is used to make predictions about the results of an experiment. These predictions can be stated as the hypothesis.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 1/1

99. ANS:
Answers may include: information about finding useful resources (books, magazines, etc.) can be found; internet links or web pages can be found; data can be analyzed; data can be displayed in graphics.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.H.3.3.7

100. ANS:
Answers may include: observation, classification, interpretation of data, making measurements, comparing and contrasting.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.H.1.3.4

101. ANS:
Answers may include: descriptions of their observations, mathematical measurements or formulas, step-by-step descriptions of procedures, listings of materials, drawings of equipment setups, specific results (data), questions that come up during experiments, problems that occur and possible solutions, other observations, etc.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 2/1 STA: SC.H.1.3.3 SC.H.1.3.4

102. ANS:
recognize the problem, form a hypothesis, test your hypothesis, analyze the data, draw conclusions

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.H.1.3.4

103. ANS:
They might break the problem into smaller problems and decide which of those needs to be solved first. Different scientists might work on different aspects of a problem.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.H.1.3.3

104. ANS:
Answers may include: a map to locate the source of a cholera epidemic; a map of the spread of the spruce beetle; three-dimensional models of microscopic bacterium or a huge asteroid; design safer airplanes or buildings; testing ideas that would be too expensive to test other ways.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.H.3.3.7

105. ANS:
Answers may include: prior knowledge; science literature at the library; World Wide Web; computer disks or CDs.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.H.1.3.4 SC.H.1.3.5

106. ANS:
Answers may include: use a control; limit the number of variables being tested; conduct enough trials to get sufficient data; use proper materials and tools; eliminate bias; prepare good data tables.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.H.1.3.4 SC.H.1.3.5

107. ANS:
time, cost, availability of materials, amount of space to set up trials

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2

108. ANS:
different interpretations of verbal descriptors—to avoid this use numerical measurements; biased samples—use random samples

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 4/2 STA: SC.H.1.3.4

109. ANS:
Yes, it is just as important to learn that your hypothesis was incorrect as it is to learn that your hypothesis was correct. [There is also the possibility that even though the hypothesis was not supported in one experiment, it might still be correct. This is not actually stated in the text, but it is implied in the discussion of multiple trials and reliability.]

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.H.1.3.2 SC.H.1.3.7

110. ANS:
Answers may include: satellite tracking systems in cars; instruments that doctors can use to operate on unborn children; skin patch to release medicine into a person's system.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/3 STA: SC.H.3.3.7

111. ANS:
No. Discoveries can be made by almost anyone—young or old, people pursuing a hobby, people of different sexes, races, cultures, etc.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 6/3 STA: SC.H.1.3.6 SC.H.3.3.5

112. ANS:
New information can show that the old way of thinking or doing things is incorrect. For example, new discoveries may not fit in a current classification scheme. New models or new methods for doing things can be created to fit the current information. These new ways are also subject to change based on possible future discoveries.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 5/3 STA: SC.H.1.3.1 SC.H.1.3.2

113. ANS:
Scientific information can be good or harmful, moral or immoral. People must decide if the information is used to help or harm people. Science cannot make that decision.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's III OBJ: 5/3 STA: SC.H.3.3.4

114. ANS:
Antibiotic 2 is more effective (fewer bacteria were still alive at the end of the experiment in Figure 1-1). Culture E serves as a control.

PTS: 1 DIF: Webb's II OBJ: 3/2 STA: SC.H.1.3.3 SC.H.1.3.4

115. ANS:
c, d, a, b, f, e

PTS: 1

116. ANS:
New discoveries lead to new products that people can use every day. Examples of new products include movies, videotapes, DVDs, medicines, and satellite tracking systems.

PTS: 1

117. ANS:
Data may be recorded or summarized in the form of tables, charts, graphs, or written text.

PTS: 1

118. ANS:
You could place equal amounts of water and one thermometer in each beaker. Then place one beaker on each hot plate. Add salt to only one beaker. Heat both beakers until the water boils, then check the temperature for the boiling point of each. Compare the boiling point of the water alone to that of the water with salt added. Repeat with several trials to verify results.

PTS: 1

119. ANS:
1. problem
2. hypothesis
3. variables
4. controls
5. analyze
6. conclusions

PTS: 1

120. ANS:
Science is a way or process to investigate what is happening around us. Technology is the application of science to make products or tools that people can use.

PTS: 1

121. ANS:
Answers will vary depending on object, but should include defining its need, a scientific discovery on which the object is based, and how it was made into a product.

PTS: 1

122. ANS:
As an artifact, each of the individual components (computer, modem, transmission lines) are all hardware technology. As a technique, it is a new means of communication. As a social-technical system, it has changed how people interact with each other.

PTS: 1

123. ANS:
Define the problem, search for solutions, engineering production, test the model, produce the product.

PTS: 1

124. ANS:
It allows scientists from all over the world to understand each other’s work. And, since the units are based on units of ten, multiplication and division are easy to do.

PTS: 1

ESSAY

125. ANS:
No, because it would be impossible to tell which variable had caused the effect observed. Only one variable at a time can be changed.

PTS: 1

126. ANS:
Answers will vary: An experiment might call the hypothesis into question, or new information might be learned.

PTS: 1

127. ANS:
Answers will vary. May include: medicines, maps, thermometers, telescopes; microscopes. Accept all reasonable answers.

PTS: 1

128. ANS:
Answers will vary depending on the problem described, but should include: a definition of the problem, a proposed solution, how the concept was tested, and final product.

PTS: 1

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