7th Grade Chapter 7 Test Online Review

7th Grade - Chapter 7 Test

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. Light waves are electromagnetic waves. _________________________

____ 2. Transverse waves move particles back and forth along the same direction in which the waves travel. _________________________

____ 3. Mechanical waves can travel either through matter or through empty space. _________________________

____ 4. The frequency of a wave is the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second. _________________________

____ 5. The amount of diffraction depends on the size of the obstacle and the wavelength of the wave. _________________________

____ 6. The energy carried by a sound wave is blocked by collisions between the particles in the material the wave is traveling in. _________________________

____ 7. A vibrating drumhead produces a compression each time it moves upward and a reflection each time it moves downward. _________________________

____ 8. The intensity of a sound wave increases as the wave spreads out from the source of the sound. _________________________

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 9. What are the high and low points of a transverse wave called?
a.
coils and rarefactions
b.
compressions and rarefactions
c.
crests and troughs
d.
crests and waves


____ 10. Ben is writing a paper about amplitude. Which statement about amplitude is true?
a.
Amplitude has nothing to do with vibration.
b.
Tightly compressed waves have low amplitudes.
c.
Waves with larger amplitudes carry more energy.
d.
You cannot demonstrate amplitude by shaking the end of a rope.


____ 11. Mr. Lee’s class is studying waves and particles. How are waves and particles similar?
a.
Both have an electric charge.
b.
Both have mass and volume.
c.
Both have the same properties.
d.
Both transport energy.


____ 12. Jessica made a table of sounds and their corresponding decibels.


Which is the BEST guess for the decibels of an average conversation between two people?
a.
10 dB
b.
45 dB
c.
98 dB
d.
120 dB


____ 13. Cheryl hears the sound of a guitar playing. What kind of waves are reaching her ears?
a.
compressional
b.
electromagnetic
c.
transverse
d.
refraction


____ 14. What is the difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves?
a.
Electromagnetic waves can only travel in matter.
b.
Mechanical waves can only travel in space.
c.
Only electromagnetic waves can travel in matter and space.
d.
Only mechanical waves can travel in matter and space.


____ 15. Anna made a Venn diagram to compare X rays and microwaves.


Which is the correct description of the intersecting area of this diagram?
a.
has color
b.
has no energy
c.
part of the electromagnetic spectrum
d.
visible to humans


____ 16. How can you describe the frequency of a wave?
a.
damage done to the ground after an earthquake
b.
distance between a crest and a trough
c.
distance between two points on a wave
d.
number of wavelengths passing a point each second


____ 17. Duane is writing a report about sound. Why does sound have greater intensity if a person is standing right next to it?
a.
Loudness and intensity are the same thing.
b.
The sound has less of an amplitude.
c.
The sound waves have not yet spread out or lost energy.
d.
They are experiencing a sound’s speed, not its intensity.


____ 18. Which unit is used to measure the intensity of a sound wave?
a.
decibels
b.
hertz
c.
joules
d.
nanometers


____ 19. Which electromagnetic waves have the highest energy, highest frequency, and shortest wavelengths?
a.
infrared waves
b.
radio waves and microwaves
c.
ultraviolet waves
d.
X rays and gamma rays


____ 20. Why are light waves considered transverse waves?
a.
They contain an electric part and move very quickly.
b.
They have a lot of intensity and low frequency.
c.
They vibrate at right angles to the direction they travel.
d.
They have a short wavelength and great amplitude.


____ 21. Which electromagnetic wave has a frequency closest to that of visible light?
a.
gamma
b.
microwave
c.
radio
d.
ultraviolet



____ 22. This figure shows a _____.
a.
compressional wave
c.
electromagnetic spectrum
b.
decibel scale
d.
transverse wave


____ 23. In the figure shown, point A is called a _____.
a.
amplitude
c.
rarefaction
b.
crest
d.
trough


____ 24. In the figure shown, point B is called a _____.
a.
compression
c.
diffraction
b.
crest
d.
trough


____ 25. The amplitude of a compressional wave depends on the _____.
a.
density of material in compressions and rarefactions
b.
distance between crests and troughs
c.
number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second.
d.
vibration of electric and magnetic parts


____ 26. Which of the following correctly states the equation for calculating wave speed?
a.
wave speed = frequency / wave length
b.
wave speed = wave length / frequency
c.
wave speed = wave length + frequency
d.
wave speed = wave length x frequency


____ 27. The SI unit for frequency is the _____.
a.
decibel
c.
hertz
b.
degree
d.
meter



____ 28. In the figure shown, the light waves change direction as a result of _____.
a.
diffraction
c.
refraction
b.
reflection
d.
reverberation


____ 29. In the figure shown, the directional change of the light waves occurs because _____.
a.
light waves travel faster through air than water
b.
light waves travel faster through water than air
c.
the angle of reflection of waves always equals the angle of incidence
d.
waves carrying less energy produce light with lower intensity


____ 30. Sound waves produced by a vibrating object are _____.
a.
compressional waves
c.
seismic waves
b.
electromagnetic waves
d.
transverse waves



____ 31. What conclusion can you draw from the information shown in this figure?
a.
Sound intensity is greater in water than in air.
b.
Sound waves can move more quickly through liquids than through solids.
c.
The frequency of sound increases with wave speed.
d.
The speed of sound varies with the material in which the waves travel.


____ 32. Based on the figure shown, sound waves travel most slowly through which of the following?
a.
air
c.
rubber
b.
glass
d.
water


____ 33. Based on the figure shown, about how far can sound travel in water in 2.5 s if the water temperature is 25°?
a.
375 m
c.
875 m
b.
600 m
d.
3,750 m


____ 34. Loudness is the human perception of sound wave _____.
a.
frequency
c.
pitch
b.
intensity
d.
speed


____ 35. The part of the ear that amplifies sound vibrations is the _____.
a.
cochlea
c.
inner ear
b.
middle ear
d.
outer ear


____ 36. The process of detecting objects by bouncing sounds off them is called _____.
a.
diffraction
c.
reverberation
b.
echolocation
d.
vibration


____ 37. If the distance between the crest and trough of a wave is 1.2 m, the wave’s amplitude is _____.
a.
0.6 m
c.
2.4 m
b.
1.2 m
d.
4.8 m


____ 38. Sound intensity is measured in _____.
a.
decibels
c.
infrared waves
b.
hertz
d.
nanometers


____ 39. The brightness of a light is determined by _____.
a.
air temperature
c.
wavelength
b.
intensity of light waves
d.
wave speed


____ 40. The shortest radio waves are called _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
microwaves
b.
infrared waves
d.
ultraviolet waves


____ 41. The electromagnetic waves with the highest energy are _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
sound waves
b.
infrared waves
d.
ultraviolet waves


____ 42. How much of the energy emitted by the Sun reaches Earth?
a.
all
c.
most
b.
a small fraction
d.
nearly half



____ 43. This figure shows an illustration of a _____.
a.
compressional wave
c.
radio wave
b.
electromagnetic wave
d.
reverberation


____ 44. The wavelength of the wave shown in this figure is the distance from _____.
a.
compression to compression
c.
crest to crest
b.
compression to rarefaction
d.
crest to trough


____ 45. The more energy that the wave shown in this figure carries, the greater is its _____.
a.
amplitude
c.
frequency
b.
density
d.
pitch



____ 46. In the figure shown, if angle i increases slightly, angle r will _____.
a.
decrease
c.
increase
b.
disappear
d.
remain the same


____ 47. The “normal” in the figure shown is a line that makes an angle of _____.
a.
30 degrees
c.
90 degrees
b.
45 degrees
d.
180 degrees



____ 48. Based on the figure shown, which of the following sounds would be most likely to cause people discomfort?
a.
chain saw
c.
rustling leaves
b.
noisy restaurant
d.
vacuum cleaner


____ 49. A 10 decibel increase in intensity is generally perceived as a doubling in loudness. In the figure shown, each of the sounds shown is more than twice as loud as a vacuum cleaner except a _____.
a.
chain saw
c.
noisy restaurant
b.
jet plane taking off
d.
power mower


____ 50. Theaters and concert halls often place curtains on the walls in order to _____.
a.
absorb the energy of sound waves
c.
prevent refraction
b.
increase sound reflection
d.
raise the intensity of sound


____ 51. If the frequency of a sound wave is 7.0 Hz, and the sound wave travels through the air at a speed of 350 m/s, what is the wavelength?
a.
0.02 m
c.
343 m
b.
50 m
d.
2,450 m


____ 52. Light travels fastest in _____.
a.
empty space
c.
solids
b.
fresh water
d.
seawater


____ 53. The intensity of light waves is a measure of the _____.
a.
distance the waves have traveled
c.
motion of air particles
b.
energy carried by the waves
d.
speed of the waves


____ 54. In order for the human body to make vitamin D, some exposure to what kind of light waves is necessary?
a.
infrared waves
c.
ultraviolet waves
b.
microwaves
d.
X rays


____ 55. As the frequency of a sound gets higher, so does its _____.
a.
intensity
c.
pitch
b.
loudness
d.
wavelength


____ 56. All of the following are transverse waves except _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
sound waves
b.
radio waves
d.
X rays


____ 57. The electromagnetic waves with the highest frequency are _____.
a.
gamma rays
c.
radio waves
b.
microwaves
d.
visible light


____ 58. Waves that can travel only through matter are known as ____ waves.
a.
energy
c.
electromagnetic
b.
mechanical
d.
light


____ 59. ____ is measured in meters.
a.
Frequency
c.
Wavelength
b.
Wave speed
d.
Intensity


____ 60. Frequency is measured in units called ____.
a.
decibels
c.
hertz
b.
lambda
d.
wavelength


____ 61. Night vision goggles use ____ waves to locate people in the dark.
a.
infrared
c.
radio
b.
ultraviolet
d.
gamma


____ 62. The wavelength of a ____ wave is the distance between two adjacent crests or adjacent troughs.
a.
rolling
c.
transverse
b.
compressional
d.
seismic


____ 63. To find the frequency of a compressional wave, you would count the number of ____ that pass by a point each second.
a.
crests
c.
diffractions
b.
refractions
d.
rarefactions


Completion
Complete each statement.

64. ____________________ in the retina of the eye detect light and send signals to the brain.


65. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the transparent layer of the eye through which light first passes.

66. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the flexible part of the eye that changes shape to enable the eye to focus on objects that are near or far.

67. In the figure shown, the ____________________ is the part of the eye on which light waves are focused, forming an image.


68. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 2 of the flowchart is ____________________.

69. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 3 is ____________________.

70. In the figure shown, the word needed to complete box 4 is ____________________.

Write the name of the type of wave described in the space beside each phrase.

transverse wave
compressional wave
electromagnetic wave


71. can travel through matter or empty space ____________________

72. contains high points called crests ____________________

73. contains rarefactions in the wave ____________________

74. contains electric and magnetic parts ____________________

75. detected by the ear ____________________

76. detected by the eye ____________________

Matching

Match each term with the correct statement below.
a.
visible light
f.
pitch
b.
reverberation
g.
intensity
c.
diffraction
h.
wavelength
d.
ultraviolet waves
i.
infrared waves
e.
refraction
j.
wave


____ 77. disturbance that moves through matter or space

____ 78. distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point moving with the same speed and direction

____ 79. change in direction of a wave when it changes speed as it travels from one material to another

____ 80. bending of waves around an object

____ 81. human perception of the frequency of sound

____ 82. repeated echoes

____ 83. amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second

____ 84. waves emitted by all warm bodies

____ 85. waves that can cause sunburn

____ 86. electromagnetic waves that people can see

Match the terms with the correct phrase below.
a.
compressional wave
i.
pitch
b.
diffraction
j.
refraction
c.
electromagnetic spectrum
k.
reverberation
d.
electromagnetic wave
l.
transverse wave
e.
frequency
m.
ultraviolet waves
f.
infrared waves
n.
wave
g.
intensity
o.
wavelength
h.
law of reflection



____ 87. the complete range of electromagnetic wave frequencies and wavelengths

____ 88. waves with wavelengths between 0.001 meters and 700 billionths of a meter

____ 89. causes particles in matter to move back and forth along the same direction in which the wave travels

____ 90. the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it

____ 91. the angle that the incoming wave makes with the normal equals the angle that the outgoing wave makes with the normal

____ 92. the amount of energy that a wave carries past a certain area each second

____ 93. the human perception of the frequency of sound

____ 94. repeated echoes

____ 95. waves with wavelengths between about 400 billionths and 10 billionths of a meter

____ 96. a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space

____ 97. causes particles in matter to move at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels

____ 98. waves that can travel through matter or space

____ 99. the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another

____ 100. the bending of a wave around an object

____ 101. the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second

Match the terms with the correct descriptions below.
a.
diffraction
e.
refraction
b.
electromagnetic wave
f.
reverberation
c.
frequency
g.
transverse wave
d.
pitch
h.
wavelength


____ 102. the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it

____ 103. the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second

____ 104. the bending of a wave around an object

____ 105. the human perception of the frequency of sound

____ 106. a wave that can travel through matter or space

____ 107. repeated echoes

____ 108. causes particles in matter to move at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels

____ 109. the change in direction of a wave when it travels from one material to another

Short Answer

110.
How are seismic waves and sound waves alike and different?

111.
Daria’s class is studying transverse waves. They are using rope as a material in their experiments.

Part A How can the class use the rope to demonstrate wavelength?

Part B How can the class use the rope to demonstrate amplitude?

112.
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

113.
What affect does temperature have on the speed of sound through a material?

114.
How is the intensity of sound waves related to amplitude?

115.
What are the three main parts of the human ear, and what are their basic functions?

116.
Why is it unrealistic for an author to write about a spacecraft traveling faster than the speed of light?

117.
What is the relation between the frequency of electromagnetic waves and their wavelength?

118.
How do X rays help doctors see inside the human body?

119.
What is the difference between nearsightedness and farsightedness?

120.
How do rod and cone cells differ in function?

121. Explain the relationship between loudness and sound intensity.

122. What are the three parts of the human ear and what is the function of each part?

123. Explain how humans see color.

Use the diagram to answer the following questions.


124. Identify part 1 in the diagram above and describe its function.

125. Identify part 2 in the diagram above and describe its function.

126. Identify part 3. If part 3 failed to function in a person, what would an implant have to do to imitate the function of this part of the ear?

127. Complete the following concept map.


128. A sound wave with a frequency of 15,000 Hz travels through iron with a speed of 5,130 m/s. What is the wavelength of this wave?

129. A radio wave has a wavelength of 0.3 m and travels at a speed of 300,000,000 m/s. What is the frequency of this wave?

130. If a light wave strikes the mirror as shown below, what is the angle of reflection? Explain your answer.


Essay

131. Describe how sound waves travel through matter.

132. Compare and contrast refraction and diffraction.