7th Grade - Chapter 16 ONLINE REVIEW

7th Grade - Chapter 16 ONLINE REVIEW
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. The atmosphere is mostly oxygen.
____ 2. Light energy is used for photosynthesis.
____ 3. Cellular respiration occurs when temperatures cool water vapor in the atmosphere.
____ 4. The nitrogen cycle involves photosynthesis and respiration.
____ 5. Sugar molecules are broken down for energy, which is stored in fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
____ 6. Environmental factors in an ecosystem include nonliving, or abiotic, factors. _________________________
____ 7. Air is composed mostly of carbon dioxide. _________________________
____ 8. Water is the main ingredient in cell fluids. _________________________
____ 9. Heat energy and light energy determine latitude. _________________________
____ 10. A higher elevation causes temperature to increase. _________________________
____ 11. The motion of air causes currents. _________________________
____ 12. Earth's biosphere contains varying amounts of water, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other minerals. _________________________
____ 13. The term biotic means “of the earth”. _________________________
____ 14. Nitrogen, as it is found in the air, can be used by plants and animals. _________________________
____ 15. Production of food from chemicals is called photosynthesis. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 16. Why does burning fossil fuels create energy?
a.
Burning releases carbon dioxide and smoke.
b.
Fire creates more energy than any other element.
c.
The decayed remains are millions of years old.
d.
They are made of energy-rich, carbon-based molecules.
____ 17. Linda is studying the life of animals in the African plains. She learns how the wildlife depend on one another for survival.

What does the food chain show? Which of these organisms obtains the most energy?
a.
how energy decreases from one organism to another; the consumer
b.
how energy increases from one organism to another; the carnivore
c.
how energy is converted from one organism to another; the herbivore
d.
how energy is transferred from one organism to another; the producer
____ 18. What is the name for a deep crack in the ocean floor through which the heat of molten magma is released, and plants and organisms receive nutrients?
a.
hot spot
b.
hydrothermal vent
c.
magmatic ventilation
d.
volcanic rift
____ 19. Daniel heard a news report on television about global warming. The report showed these two graphs to support its conclusion.

Which statement can be determined by comparing the two graphs?
a.
As carbon dioxide decreases, the earth's temperature decreases.
b.
As carbon dioxide decreases, the earth's temperature increases.
c.
As carbon dioxide increases, the earth's temperature decreases.
d.
As carbon dioxide increases, the earth's temperature increases.
____ 20. Which could happen as a result of humans burning fossil fuels and trees?
a.
Extra carbon dioxide released into the air could cause heat from the sun to be trapped in the atmosphere, and the earth's temperature to rise.
b.
Extra carbon dioxide released into the air could cause the number of molecules in the atmosphere to decrease, causing the earth's temperature to rise.
c.
The increase in carbon dioxide could leave trees without enough oxygen, and they could begin to die.
d.
The increase in carbon dioxide could cause photosynthesis to increase, increasing the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
____ 21. How does temperature change from the base to the peak of a mountain?
a.
The decrease in elevation leads to more precipitation, which cools the molecules in the air and decreases the temperature.
b.
As elevation increases, the atmosphere becomes thinner and molecules cannot generate heat from their close, rapid movement.
c.
As elevation increases, the atmosphere becomes thinner and the sun heats fewer molecules in the air, creating cooler temperatures.
d.
The increase in elevation forces wind currents upward and cools the molecules in the air, creating cooler temperatures.
____ 22. How does the precipitation pattern on one side of a mountain, affect the environmental conditions on the opposite side of the mountain?
a.
Moisture from the sea is blocked by the mountain and cannot reach the other side, leaving it dry and desert-like.
b.
Moisture is lost as precipitation on one side, leaving the other side of the mountain dry and desert-like.
c.
Precipitation only flows down one side of the mountain, leaving the other side dry and desert-like.
d.
Wind currents are blocked by the mountain, and the moisture cannot reach the other side, leaving a desert-like environment.
____ 23. Humus forms from which of the following?
a.
a combination of soil, bacteria, and fungi
b.
a mixture of bacteria, mold, and worms
c.
the remnants of fossils, crushed rock, algae, and fertilizers
d.
the decayed remains of plants, animals, and animal waste
____ 24. Which element is important to all living organisms, but cannot be used directly from the air?
a.
carbon dioxide
b.
hydrogen
c.
nitrogen
d.
oxygen
____ 25. Which process converts light energy into the chemical energy in sugar molecules?
a.
biosynthesis
b.
chemosynthesis
c.
glucose synthesis
d.
photosynthesis
____ 26. Which process produces energy-rich nutrients from chemicals?
a.
biosynthesis
b.
chemosynthesis
c.
hydrosynthesis
d.
photosynthesis
____ 27. What will happen if a farmer only plants and harvests crops of cotton for seven years, without adding fertilizers or other nutrients to the soil? Why?
a.
Over a span of seven years, the use of insecticides specifically needed for cotton crops will make the soil infertile.
b.
Over seven years, natural disasters such as droughts and floods are more likely to occur, leaving the soil with insufficient nutrients.
c.
The soil will lose its nutrients and become infertile because cotton uses more of the soils nutrients than other crops.
d.
The soil will lose its nutrients and become infertile because the crops are harvested instead of left in the field to decay and return nitrogen to the soil.
____ 28. Which processes are involved in the water cycle?
a.
evaporation, condensation, precipitation
b.
evaporation, precipitation, vaporization
c.
evaporation, condensation, respiration
d.
precipitation, transpiration, vaporization
____ 29. Which of the following is a biotic factor?
a.
sunlight
c.
water
b.
worms
d.
climate
____ 30. Which process uses oxygen in plants, algae, and animals?
a.
transpiration
c.
chemosynthesis
b.
photosynthesis
d.
respiration
____ 31. Decaying matter found in soil is called ____.
a.
humus
c.
latitude
b.
consumer
d.
elevation
____ 32. During photosynthesis, light energy becomes ____ energy.
a.
soil life
c.
mechanical
b.
chemical
d.
pyramid
____ 33. Nitrogen is a necessary ingredient of ____.
a.
white blood cells
c.
fats
b.
carbohydrates
d.
proteins
____ 34. Which of the following eats consumers?
a.
carnivore
c.
bacteria
b.
herbivore
d.
fungi
____ 35. Nitrogen in the soil is used by ____.
a.
plants
c.
both a and b
b.
animals
d.
neither a nor b
____ 36. The chemical energy in sugar molecules can be stored or used in which of the following?
a.
carbohydrates
c.
proteins
b.
fats
d.
all of the above
____ 37. Which is a model of feeding relationships?
a.
protein building
c.
food web
b.
food map
d.
sugar molecules
____ 38. As you move upward, from level to level, in an energy pyramid, energy ____.
a.
decreases
c.
stays at the same level
b.
increases
d.
is destroyed
Completion
Complete each statement.
39. ____________________ factors are nonliving.
40. Carbon dioxide is used by plants for _________________________.
41. ____________________ are not capable of photosynthesis.
42. Average weather conditions over time are called ____________________.
43. Respiration ____________________ oxygen and ____________________ carbon dioxide.
44. Nitrogen fixation is performed by ____________________.
45. The bottom layer of an energy pyramid represents ____________________, the first feeding level.
46. Energy is not recycled, but is ____________________ from one form to another.
47. In a food chain, the lowest level of consumers eat ____________________.
48. Overlapping food chains make a food ____________________.
49. average weather conditions over time ____________________
50. environmental factors that include soil, sunlight, and air ____________________
51. organisms that are not capable of photosynthesis ____________________
52. made of overlapping food chains ____________________
53. gas used during photosynthesis ____________________
54. decaying matter found in soil ____________________
55. bacteria in hydrothermal vent communities use this process to produce food ____________________
56. the air that surrounds Earth ____________________
57. a model that shows comparative energy levels for different feeding levels ____________________
58. place where humus is found ____________________
59. An important biological process: ____________________
Correctly complete each sentence by underlining the best of the three choices in parentheses.
60. Plants, algae, animals, and bacteria use oxygen for ____________________ (transpiration, respiration, condensation).
61. Temperature depends on ____________________ (sunlight, rainfall, wind), which depends on latitude.
62. ____________________ (Chemosynthesis, Photosynthesis, Humus) is the production of food without light energy.
Matching
Match the environmental factor with its classification, abiotic or biotic.
a.
abiotic
b.
biotic
____ 63. sunlight
____ 64. mammals
____ 65. water
____ 66. soil
____ 67. temperature
____ 68. bacteria
____ 69. fungi
____ 70. air
____ 71. humus
____ 72. climate
Match the description with the correct item below. Some items may not be used.
a.
latitude
h.
fertilizers
b.
elevation
i.
air
c.
climate
j.
abiotic factors
d.
producers
k.
sugar
e.
nitrogen fixation
l.
water
f.
energy
m.
consumers
g.
biotic factors
____ 73. cell fluids are mostly this compound
____ 74. distance from the equator
____ 75. high energy molecules made from photosynthesis
____ 76. living ecosystem components
____ 77. changing nitrogen gas to usable nitrogen in the soil
____ 78. distance above sea level
____ 79. required for recycling matter
____ 80. the first level of the food chain
____ 81. applied to replace soil nitrogen in crop fields, lawns, and gardens
____ 82. average weather over time
Match the following types of energy with the phrase that best applies.
a.
light energy
d.
high energy sugar
b.
heat energy
e.
sulfur molecules
c.
chemical energy
____ 83. used in photosynthesis
____ 84. stored in sugar molecules
____ 85. used for warmth
____ 86. product of photosynthesis
____ 87. chemosynthesis
Short Answer
88.
Explain the difference between biotic and abiotic factors, providing two or more examples of each.
89.
Maria is going to present a report about weather to her class. How can she describe in three steps the process by which wind is created?
90.
Draw a basic diagram of the water cycle.
91.
Discuss two ways that plants get the nitrogen they need. How do animals get the nitrogen they need?
92.
How do plants and algae use carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere? Discuss two ways CO2 is released into the atmosphere in the carbon cycle.
93.
Describe the relationship between CO2 and oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. How does this benefit both plants and animals?
94.
Draw a basic diagram of a food web. You may use words or pictures.
95.
Choose two abiotic factors in Earth's environment and discuss the role they play in making life possible.
96.
Discuss how oxygen and nitrogen in the air help to make life possible.
97.
Discuss why organisms that live near the equator might be different from those that live near the Earth's poles.
98. Number these food chain steps in the correct order using the blanks provided.
a. omnivores and carnivores
b. producers
c. herbivores
99. Number these gases in order from the one with the greatest amount in the atmosphere to the one with the least amount in the atmosphere.
a. oxygen
b. nitrogen
c. other gases
d. carbon dioxide
100. List the three main components of the water cycle and provide a brief description of each.
101. If nitrogen in the atmosphere is not in a form plants can use, how do they get nitrogen? What is this process called?
102. Why are the numbers of organisms smaller at high levels of an energy pyramid?
103. What types of organisms are found in soil?
104. Explain how soil can be both biotic and abiotic.
105. Using the carbon cycle as an example, explain how Earth's biosphere recycles materials over and over.
106. How could you use a graduated cylinder, a stopper, water, and sunlight to show the fundamentals of the water cycle?
107. Complete the carbon cycle concept map using the correct terms from the chapter.

108. What are the differences between abiotic factors and biotic factors? Give examples of both.
109. In an energy pyramid with three levels (first level producers, second level consumers, and third-level consumers), what percent of the energy from level one (producers) would eventually be transferred to the top level (level three consumers) of organisms?
110. List two biotic components and two abiotic components of soil.
111. What is the potential danger from having too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
112. Explain how temperature is responsible for wind.
Essay
113. Which abiotic factors determine what lives in an environment?
114. Explain how elevation affects temperature.
115. Explain the steps of a food chain. Use examples for each level.
116. Discuss two ways CO2 can be dispensed into the atmosphere.
117. Explain how the process of cellular respiration is important to life processes